The Story of Jonah
The Book of Jonah is unique among the prophetic books. Rather than containing prophecies, it tells the story of a reluctant prophet who tried to flee from God's call. Through a great storm, a great fish, and a great city, God teaches Jonah—and us—about His boundless mercy and compassion for all people.
Author: Jonah, son of Amittai (2 Kings 14:25)
Date: ~760 BC (during the reign of Jeroboam II)
Key Theme: God's mercy extends to all nations, not just Israel
Chapter Overview
Chapter 1 — Flight from God
God commands Jonah to preach to Nineveh, but he flees to Tarshish. God sends a storm, and Jonah is cast into the sea.
Chapter 2 — Prayer from the Deep
From within the great fish, Jonah prays a psalm of thanksgiving. After three days, God commands the fish to vomit him onto dry land.
Chapter 3 — Nineveh Repents
Given a second chance, Jonah preaches to Nineveh. The entire city repents in sackcloth and ashes. God relents from judgment.
Chapter 4 — God's Compassion Revealed
Jonah is angry at God's mercy. Through a plant and a worm, God teaches about divine compassion. The book ends with God's unanswered question.
"And Jonah was in the belly of the fish three days and three nights." — Jonah 1:17
🏛️ Nineveh: The Great City
Capital of the Assyrian Empire — Israel's feared enemy
Jonah's Journey
Joppa — Flight to Tarshish
God commands Jonah to preach to Nineveh, Israel's cruel enemy. Instead of obeying, Jonah boards a ship bound for Tarshish—the opposite direction—attempting to flee "from the face of Jehovah."
The Great Storm
God sends a violent tempest. The sailors cast lots, revealing Jonah as the cause. At his own request, they throw him into the sea. The storm immediately calms, and the sailors worship Jehovah.
The Great Fish
God prepares a great fish to swallow Jonah. For three days and three nights, Jonah prays from the fish's belly—a prophetic sign of Christ's death and resurrection. God commands the fish to vomit Jonah onto dry land.
Nineveh — The City Repents
Given a second commission, Jonah walks through the great city preaching: "Yet forty days and Nineveh shall be overthrown!" The entire city—from king to cattle—repents in sackcloth and ashes. God relents from judgment.
East of the City — The Object Lesson
Angry at God's mercy, Jonah sits outside the city hoping for its destruction. God provides a plant for shade, then sends a worm to destroy it. Through this, God teaches Jonah about divine compassion—caring more for 120,000 people than for a plant.
Major Themes
Complete Text — KJ3 Literal Translation
Chapter I — Jonah's Flight
Chapter II — Jonah's Prayer
Chapter III — Nineveh's Repentance
Chapter IV — God's Compassion
Jonah as Type of Christ
Jesus Himself points to Jonah as a prophetic sign of His death and resurrection:
| 🐋 Jonah | ✝️ Jesus Christ |
|---|---|
| Three days and nights in the fish Jonah 1:17 | Three days and nights in the tomb Matthew 12:40 |
| Cast into the sea to save sailors Jonah 1:12-15 | Died to save humanity John 11:50 |
| Emerged alive from the fish Jonah 2:10 | Rose from the dead Matthew 28:6 |
| Brought salvation to Gentiles (Nineveh) Jonah 3:10 | Brought salvation to all nations Matthew 28:19 |
| Reluctant messenger Jonah 1:3 | Willing sacrifice John 10:18 |
| Preached judgment, city repented Jonah 3:4-5 | Preached repentance, calls all to turn Mark 1:15 |
The Greater-than-Jonah
While Jonah was reluctant and angry at God's mercy, Jesus willingly came to save. While Jonah wanted Nineveh destroyed, Jesus died for His enemies. The sign of Jonah pointed forward to the greatest rescue mission in history—God Himself entering the depths of death to bring us life.