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Names of God

A Study of Divine Names in Scripture

"And God said to Moses, I AM THAT I AM; and He said, You shall say this to the sons of Israel, I AM has sent me to you."
— Exodus 3:14 (KJ3)
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Understanding the Names of God

In ancient Hebrew culture, names held profound significance—they revealed character, purpose, and identity. The names of God throughout Scripture are not merely labels but divine self-revelations, each illuminating a different facet of His nature and His relationship with humanity.

This study explores 38 principal Hebrew names and titles for God found in the Old Testament, their meanings, occurrences, and theological significance. The Reference tab lists all 38 with the exact KJ3 wording and a link to each key verse in the Bible Reader. Understanding these names deepens our comprehension of who God is and how He has revealed Himself to His people throughout history.

Two further sections give the names of Christ (39) and the names of the Holy Spirit (20) as the KJ3 prints them, each with the Hebrew, the Greek, TWOT numbers, every verse linked to the Bible Reader, and a quick-reference chart.

Note: Occurrence counts are word counts in the KJ3 (Literal Translation) of the Hebrew Scriptures. The KJ3 preserves "Jehovah" for the divine name YHWH (יהוה) rather than substituting "LORD," and renders Adonai as "Lord."

6,834 "Jehovah" (YHWH) in the KJ3 Old Testament
2,697 "God" (Elohim) in the KJ3 Old Testament
48 "Almighty" (Shaddai)
201 "God of Israel"
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Primary Names of God

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Primary Names of God

The foundational names revealing God's essential nature

יהוה 6,834×

YHWH / Jehovah

yah-WEH / yeh-ho-VAH
"The Self-Existent One" — God's covenant name
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יְהוָֹה
YHWH (Tetragrammaton)

📚 Etymology & Meaning

YHWH (יהוה) is the most sacred name of God in the Hebrew Scriptures, known as the Tetragrammaton (four letters). It derives from the Hebrew verb "to be" (הָיָה, hayah), expressing God's eternal, self-existent nature. This name emphasizes that God simply IS—without beginning, without end, dependent on nothing outside Himself for existence.

This name is so sacred that ancient Jews avoided pronouncing it, substituting "Adonai" (Lord) when reading Scripture. The English "Jehovah" comes from combining the consonants YHWH with the vowels from Adonai.

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created in the day that Jehovah God was making earth and heavens."
"And God said to Moses again, You shall say this to the sons of Israel, Jehovah, the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me to you. This is My name forever, and this is My memorial from generation to generation."
"And I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob as God Almighty, and by My name JEHOVAH I have not been known to them."
✝️ Theological Significance

YHWH is God's personal, covenant name—the name by which He enters into relationship with His people. It reveals Him not as a distant deity but as the ever-present, unchanging One who keeps His promises. When God uses this name, He emphasizes His faithfulness and His commitment to His people.

🔗 Related Names

אֱלֹהִים 2,697×

Elohim

eh-lo-HEEM
"God" — The Mighty Creator
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אֱלֹהִים
Elohim (plural form of El)

📚 Etymology & Meaning

Elohim (אֱלֹהִים) is the first name for God appearing in Scripture (Genesis 1:1). It is the plural form of "El" or "Eloah," yet is consistently used with singular verbs when referring to the one true God. This "plural of majesty" suggests the fullness and complexity of the divine nature.

The root word "El" (אֵל) carries the meaning of power, might, and strength. Elohim thus portrays God as the all-powerful Creator and Ruler of the universe.

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth;"
"And God said, let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness; and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the birds of the heavens, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing creeping on the earth."
"For Jehovah your God, He is the God of gods, and the Lord of lords; the great, the mighty, the fearful God who does not lift up faces, nor take a bribe."
✝️ Theological Significance

Elohim appears predominantly in contexts of creation, power, and sovereignty. While YHWH emphasizes God's covenant relationship, Elohim highlights His transcendent power and authority over all creation. The plural form with singular verbs has long been seen as a hint of the Trinity—one God in three persons.

🔗 Related Names

אֵל שַׁדַּי 48×

El Shaddai

el shad-DAI
"God Almighty" — The All-Sufficient One
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אֵל שַׁדַּי
El Shaddai (God Almighty)

📚 Etymology & Meaning

El Shaddai (אֵל שַׁדַּי) combines "El" (God) with "Shaddai," whose root meaning is debated. Some derive it from "shad" (breast), suggesting God as the nourisher and sustainer. Others connect it to "shadad" (to overpower), emphasizing almighty power. Both meanings together portray God as the all-powerful One who tenderly provides for His people.

This name appears predominantly in the patriarchal narratives, especially in contexts of blessing and covenant promises.

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"And when Abram was ninety-nine years old, Jehovah appeared to Abram and said to him, I am the Almighty God! Walk before me and be perfect."
"And God said to him, I am God Almighty; be fruitful and multiply. A nation and a company of nations shall be from you. And kings shall go forth from your loins."
"And I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob as God Almighty, and by My name JEHOVAH I have not been known to them."
"From the God of your father, may He help you. And may the Almighty bless you with blessings of Heaven from above, blessings of the deep that lies beneath, blessings of the breasts and womb."
✝️ Theological Significance

El Shaddai reveals God as the One who has both the power and the tender care to fulfill His promises. To the patriarchs awaiting the fulfillment of covenant promises—often in humanly impossible circumstances—this name assured them that God was more than able. He is the God of mountains (another meaning of Shaddai), immovable and sovereign.

אֲדֹנָי ~430×

Adonai

ah-do-NAI
"Lord, Master" — Sovereign Ruler
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אֲדֹנָי
Adonai (My Lord/Master)

📚 Etymology & Meaning

Adonai (אֲדֹנָי) is the plural form of "Adon" (Lord/Master) with the possessive suffix, literally meaning "my Lords" but used as an intensive form meaning "my Lord" or "the Lord." It emphasizes God's sovereign authority and our position as His servants.

Because of the sacredness of YHWH, Jewish tradition substitutes Adonai when reading the Tetragrammaton aloud. In the KJ3, "Lord Jehovah" often appears where the Hebrew has both Adonai and YHWH together.

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"And Abram said, Lord Jehovah, what will You give to me since I am going childless and the son of the inheritance of my house is Eleazar of Damascus?"
"And he said, My Lord Jehovah, by what shall I know that I shall inherit it?"
✝️ Theological Significance

When we call God "Adonai," we acknowledge His absolute lordship over our lives. He is not merely a helper we call upon—He is the Master we serve. This name calls us to humble submission and faithful obedience, recognizing that we belong to Him entirely.

אֵל עֶלְיוֹן 10×

El Elyon

el el-YOHN
"God Most High" — Supreme Over All
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אֵל עֶלְיוֹן
El Elyon (God Most High)

📚 Etymology & Meaning

El Elyon (אֵל עֶלְיוֹן) combines "El" (God) with "Elyon" (Most High), from a root meaning "to go up" or "ascend." This name declares God's absolute supremacy over all other powers, authorities, and so-called gods. He is not merely one god among many—He is above and beyond all.

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"And Melchizedek, king of Salem, brought out bread and wine; and he was the priest of the most high God. And he blessed him and said, Blessed be Abram of the most high God, possessor of Heaven and earth."
"And Abram said to the king of Sodom, I have lifted up my hand to Jehovah, the most high God, the possessor of Heaven and earth."
"when the Most High divided to the nations their inheritance; when He separated the sons of Adam, He set up the bounds of the peoples, according to the number of the sons of Israel."
✝️ Theological Significance

El Elyon first appears in connection with Melchizedek, the mysterious priest-king who blessed Abraham. This name emphasizes God's sovereignty over all nations and powers. In a world of competing deities and powers, El Elyon reminds us that there is only One who reigns supreme—the "possessor of Heaven and earth."

אֵל עוֹלָם 1×

El Olam

el oh-LAHM
"The Everlasting God" — Eternal One
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אֵל עוֹלָם
El Olam (Everlasting God)

📚 Etymology & Meaning

El Olam (אֵל עוֹלָם) combines "El" (God) with "Olam" (everlasting, eternal, or world/age). The word "olam" can refer to indefinite time past or future, encompassing eternity in both directions. This name reveals God as the One who transcends time itself.

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"And he planted a tamarisk tree in Beer-sheba, and there he called on the name of Jehovah the everlasting God."
✝️ Theological Significance

Abraham invoked this name after making a covenant with Abimelech—a covenant that would outlast both of them. El Olam assures us that God's promises are not limited by time. While human covenants fade and kingdoms rise and fall, the Everlasting God remains faithful from generation to generation, from everlasting to everlasting.

אֶהְיֶה Special

Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh

eh-YEH ah-SHER eh-YEH
"I AM THAT I AM" — The Self-Revealing One
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אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה
Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh

📚 Etymology & Meaning

This unique self-designation appears only once—when God reveals Himself to Moses at the burning bush. "Ehyeh" is the first-person form of the verb "to be" (hayah), from which YHWH derives. It can mean "I AM," "I WILL BE," or "I CAUSE TO BE."

The construction "Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh" is deliberately profound and somewhat mysterious. It resists simple translation, pointing to God's incomprehensible, self-existent nature. He simply IS, and His being is the foundation of all other existence.

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"And God said to Moses, I AM THAT I AM; and He said, You shall say this to the sons of Israel, I AM has sent me to you."
✝️ Theological Significance

This name is God's ultimate self-revelation—He defines Himself by Himself. Unlike false gods whose identities depend on their functions or domains, the true God simply IS. This name also implies presence: "I will be with you" is implicit in "I AM." The same phrase echoes in Jesus's "I AM" statements (John 8:58), identifying Himself with the God of Moses.

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Descriptive Titles

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Descriptive Titles

Names revealing God's character and actions

אֵל רֳאִי 1×

El Roi

el ro-EE
"God Who Sees" — The Watchful One
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אֵל רֳאִי
El Roi (God of Seeing)

📚 Etymology & Meaning

El Roi (אֵל רֳאִי) combines "El" (God) with "Roi" (seeing/vision). This name was given by Hagar, the Egyptian slave girl, when she encountered God in the wilderness. It expresses both that God sees us and that we can see (experience) Him.

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"And she called the name of Jehovah, the One speaking to her, You, a God of vision! For she said, Even here have I looked after the One seeing me? On account of this, the well was called, The Well of the Living One Seeing Me. Behold, it is between Kadesh and Bered."
✝️ Theological Significance

Remarkably, this name was revealed not to a patriarch but to a foreign slave girl in distress. El Roi sees the overlooked, the marginalized, and the suffering. No one is invisible to Him. In our darkest moments of isolation and despair, this name reminds us that God's eyes are upon us—not in judgment but in compassionate awareness.

יהוה צְבָאוֹת 259×

Jehovah of Hosts

yah-WEH tsuh-vah-OHT
"Jehovah of Armies" — Commander of Heaven's Forces
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יְהוָֹה צְבָאוֹת
YHWH Tsevaot (Jehovah of Hosts)

📚 Etymology & Meaning

"Tsevaot" (צְבָאוֹת) means "armies" or "hosts"—referring to angelic armies, the stars of heaven, or the armies of Israel. This name portrays God as the supreme commander of all heavenly and earthly forces, the Divine Warrior who fights for His people.

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"And that man went up from his city from year to year to worship and to sacrifice before Jehovah of Hosts in Shiloh. And the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were priests to Jehovah there."
"And David said to the Philistine, You are coming to me with sword, and with spear, and with javelin. But I am coming to you in the name of Jehovah of Hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, which you have reproached."
✝️ Theological Significance

David's confrontation with Goliath perfectly illustrates this name's meaning. While Goliath came with physical weapons, David came in the name of the God who commands all the hosts of heaven. This name assures us that no enemy—however intimidating—can stand against the God who has infinite armies at His disposal.

אֵל חַי 14×

El Chai

el KHAI
"The Living God" — Source of All Life
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אֵל חַי / אֱלֹהִים חַיִּים
El Chai / Elohim Chayyim

📚 Etymology & Meaning

"Chai" (חַי) means "living" or "alive." This title explicitly contrasts the true God with dead idols. While carved images are lifeless, powerless, and silent, the Living God speaks, acts, and gives life. He is not a philosophical concept but a dynamic, personal being.

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"For who of all flesh that has heard the voice of the living God speaking out of the midst of the fire, as we have, and has lived?"
"And Joshua said, By this you shall know that the living God is among you. And surely He shall dispossess from before you the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Hivites, and the Perizzites, and the Girgashites and the Amorites, and the Jebusites."
"And David spoke to the men who were standing with him, saying, What shall be done to the man who strikes this Philistine, and turns aside reproach from Israel? For who is this uncircumcised Philistine that he should reproach the armies of the living God?"
✝️ Theological Significance

The Living God stands in stark contrast to the lifeless idols worshipped by surrounding nations. This title emphasizes that God is active, present, and involved in human affairs. He hears prayer, intervenes in history, and gives life to all creatures. We serve not a distant memory or a philosophical principle, but the Living God.

שֹׁפֵט Title

Judge of All the Earth

sho-FAYT kol ha-AH-rets
The Righteous Judge
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📚 Etymology & Meaning

"Shophet" (שֹׁפֵט) means judge—one who decides cases, administers justice, and defends the oppressed. As Judge of all the earth, God is the ultimate authority on right and wrong, and He will render perfect justice to all.

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"Far be it from You to act in this way, to put to death the righteous one with the wicked one. Far be it from You. The Judge of all the earth, shall He not do justice?"
✝️ Theological Significance

Abraham's appeal to God as Judge reflects absolute confidence in divine justice. Even when pleading for Sodom, Abraham knew that God would never act unjustly. This title assures us that every wrong will be addressed, every injustice corrected. The Judge of all the earth will do right.

More Titles of God in the KJ3

Scripture gives God many further descriptive titles. Each line below gives the Hebrew, the exact KJ3 wording, and the key verse in the Bible Reader.

מָגֵן — Magen
"your shield" (KJ3)
Genesis 15:1 — "Do not fear, Abram; I am your shield"
אֲבִיר יַעֲקֹב — Abir Ya'akov
"the Mighty One of Jacob" (KJ3)
Genesis 49:24 — Jacob's blessing on Joseph
צוּר — Tsur
"the Rock" (KJ3)
Deuteronomy 32:4 — "He is the Rock; His work is perfect"
גֹּאֵל — Go'el
"my Redeemer; your Redeemer" (KJ3)
Job 19:25; Isaiah 41:14 — "I know my Redeemer is living"
מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֹד — Melekh HaKavod
"the King of glory" (KJ3)
Psalm 24:7–10 — "Who is this King of glory? Jehovah of Hosts"
קְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל — Kedosh Yisrael
"the Holy One of Israel" (KJ3)
Isaiah 1:4 — 32 occurrences in the KJ3 Old Testament
אָבִינוּ — Avinu
"our Father" (KJ3)
Isaiah 64:8 — "But now, Jehovah, You are our Father"
עַתִּיק יוֹמִין — Attiq Yomin
"the Ancient of Days" (KJ3, Aramaic)
Daniel 7:9 — Daniel's vision of the thrones
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Compound Names of Jehovah

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Compound Names of Jehovah

Names revealing specific aspects of God's provision and character

Jehovah Combined Names

Throughout Scripture, YHWH (Jehovah) is combined with other words to create compound names that reveal specific aspects of God's character and actions. These names often arise from particular events where God demonstrated that aspect of His nature.

יְהוָֹה יִרְאֶה — Jehovah-Jireh
"Jehovah Sees" (KJ3) — traditionally "Jehovah Will Provide"
Genesis 22:14 — Named by Abraham when God provided a ram in place of Isaac
יְהוָֹה רֹפְאֶךָ — Jehovah-Rapha
"Jehovah your Healer" (KJ3)
Exodus 15:26 — "I am Jehovah your Healer" after the bitter waters of Marah
יְהוָֹה נִסִּי — Jehovah-Nissi
"Jehovah My Banner" (KJ3)
Exodus 17:15 — Named by Moses after victory over Amalek
יְהוָֹה שָׁלוֹם — Jehovah-Shalom
"Peace of Jehovah" (KJ3) — Jehovah Is Peace
Judges 6:24 — Named by Gideon when assured he would not die
יְהוָֹה רֹעִי — Jehovah-Rohi
"Jehovah is my shepherd" (KJ3)
Psalm 23:1 — David's famous declaration of God's care
יְהוָֹה צִדְקֵנוּ — Jehovah-Tsidkenu
"Jehovah Our Righteousness" (KJ3)
Jeremiah 23:6 — A Messianic title for the coming King
יְהוָֹה שָׁמָּה — Jehovah-Shammah
"JEHOVAH IS THERE" (KJ3)
Ezekiel 48:35 — The name of the restored Jerusalem
יְהוָֹה מְקַדִּשְׁכֶם — Jehovah-M'kaddesh
"Jehovah who sanctifies you" (KJ3)
Exodus 31:13; Leviticus 20:8 — God who sets His people apart as holy
יְהוָֹה עֶלְיוֹן — Jehovah-Elyon
"Jehovah most high" (KJ3)
Psalm 7:17 — "I will praise the name of Jehovah most high"
יְהוָֹה צְבָאוֹת — Jehovah-Sabaoth
"Jehovah of Hosts" (KJ3)
1 Samuel 1:3 — 259 occurrences in the KJ3 Old Testament
יִרְאֶה Jireh

Jehovah-Jireh

yah-WEH yir-EH
"Jehovah Sees" (KJ3) — traditionally "Jehovah Will Provide"
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📖 The Account (KJ3)

"And Abraham called the name of that place Jehovah Sees (Jehovah-Jireh); so that it is said until this day, In the mount of Jehovah it will be seen."

This name arose from Abraham's supreme test of faith—the command to sacrifice Isaac. At the crucial moment, God provided a ram, demonstrating that He sees our needs and provides for them. The Hebrew "yireh" can mean both "will see" and "will provide," capturing both God's awareness and His action.

✝️ Theological Significance

Jehovah-Jireh reminds us that God provides not according to our timeline but according to His perfect wisdom. Abraham received the provision "on the mount"—at the place of sacrifice and surrender. This name ultimately points to Calvary, where God provided His own Son as the sacrifice we could never provide for ourselves.

רֹפְאֶךָ Rapha

Jehovah-Rapha

yah-WEH ro-FEH
"Jehovah your Healer" (KJ3)
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📖 The Account (KJ3)

"And He said, If listening you listen to the voice of Jehovah your God, and do what is right in His eyes, and you give ear to His commandments, and keep all His statutes, I will not put on you all the diseases which I have put on Egypt; for I am Jehovah your Healer."

This revelation came at Marah, where bitter waters were made sweet. The healing of the waters symbolized God's power to heal both physical ailments and the spiritual sickness of His people.

✝️ Theological Significance

The Hebrew "rapha" means to heal, cure, or restore. God's healing extends beyond physical ailments to include emotional, relational, and spiritual restoration. He heals broken hearts, wounded souls, and shattered lives. "With His wounds we ourselves are healed" (Isaiah 53:5).

נִסִּי Nissi

Jehovah-Nissi

yah-WEH nis-SEE
"Jehovah My Banner" (KJ3)
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📖 The Account (KJ3)

"And Moses built an altar. And he called its name, Jehovah My Banner."

After Israel's victory over Amalek—a victory that came as long as Moses held up his hands—Moses built an altar with this name. The banner (Hebrew: "nes") was a rallying point for troops, a symbol of the cause for which they fought.

✝️ Theological Significance

A banner proclaimed identity and allegiance. By calling God his banner, Moses declared that Israel's victory came not from military prowess but from Jehovah alone. We fight under God's banner—His honor is our cause, His strength is our confidence, His name is our battle cry.

שָׁלוֹם Shalom

Jehovah-Shalom

yah-WEH sha-LOHM
"Peace of Jehovah" (KJ3) — Jehovah Is Peace
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📖 The Account (KJ3)

"And Gideon built an altar to Jehovah there, and called it Peace of Jehovah [Jehovah-shalom]. It is still in Ophrah of the Abiezrites until today."

Gideon, terrified after realizing he had seen the Angel of Jehovah face to face, was reassured: "Peace to you, fear not. You shall not die" (Judges 6:23). In response, Gideon named the altar Jehovah-Shalom.

✝️ Theological Significance

"Shalom" means far more than absence of conflict—it encompasses completeness, wholeness, welfare, and harmony. Jehovah-Shalom is the God who brings complete well-being to His people. In Christ, we have peace with God and the peace of God that surpasses understanding.

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Names of Christ

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Names and Titles of Christ

39 names and titles as the KJ3 prints them, with the Hebrew and the Greek

Each card gives a name or title of Christ in the KJ3's own words, with a phrase from the verse that gives it. Open a card for the Hebrew, the Greek with a transliteration, the TWOT numbers, and the key verses, each linked to the KJ3 text in the Bible Reader.

For a name given in the New Testament, the Hebrew comes from the two Hebrew translations of the New Testament that the Bible Reader can display, Salkinson's and Margoliouth's. Where they word a name differently, both are shown. For a name given in the Old Testament, the Hebrew is the Hebrew Old Testament text.

The names under "Names from the prophets" are given in the Old Testament. Where the New Testament quotes the verse, the card shows where. TWOT numbers are from the Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament. Where no TWOT entry could be matched to a word, no number is given, and the card says so.

His names

יֵשׁוּעַ Hebrew NT

Jesus

ιησουν · Iēsoun (accusative of Iēsous)
"He shall save His people from their sins" (Matthew 1:21)
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🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
יֵשׁוּעַ
Salkinson
יֵשׁ֑וּעַ
Margoliouth
Yēšûaʿ
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at Matthew 1:21 (same words)
Greek
ιησουν
Iēsoun (accusative of Iēsous)
Matthew 1:21 (Greek NT)

TWOT 929 יָשַׁע yāšaʿ (root of יוֹשִׁיעַ "He shall save" in this same verse; no TWOT number is given for the name itself)

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"And she will bear a son, and you shall call His name Jesus, for He shall save His people from their sins."
"And behold! You will conceive in [your] womb and bear a Son, and you will call His name Jesus."
"And when eight days were fulfilled to circumcise the child His name was called Jesus, [the name] called by the angel before He was conceived in the womb."
📝 Notes on the text

Both Hebrew New Testaments put the name next to the verb that explains it: Salkinson כִּי הוּא יוֹשִׁיעַ, Margoliouth כִּ֥י ה֛וּא יוֹשִׁ֥יעַ ("for He shall save").

הַמָּשִׁיחַ Hebrew NT

the Messiah (which is, being translated, the Christ)

τον μεσσιαν … ο χριστος · ton Messian … ho Christos
"When that One comes, He will announce to us all things" (John 4:25)
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🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
הַמָּשִׁיחַ
Salkinson
הַמָּשִׁ֑יחַ
Margoliouth
hammāšîaḥ
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at John 1:41 (same words)
Greek
τον μεσσιαν … ο χριστος
ton Messian … ho Christos
John 1:41 (Greek NT)

TWOT 1255c מָשִׁיחַ māšîaḥ

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"This [one] first finds [his] own brother Simon and says to him, We have found the Messiah (which is, being translated, the Christ)."
"The woman said to Him, I know that Messiah is coming, the [One] being called Christ. When that One comes, He will announce to us all things."
📝 Notes on the text

At John 1:41 Salkinson adds אֲשֶׁר בִּלְשׁוֹן יָוָן כְּרִיסְטוֹס ("which in the Greek tongue is Christos"); Margoliouth has מְתֻרְגָּ֖ם כְּרִיסְטֽוֹס. The Greek New Testament has the word twice, τον μεσσιαν (John 1:41) and μεσσιας (John 4:25), and both times explains it as χριστος. At John 4:26 Jesus answers, "I AM! the [One] speaking to you."

עִמָּ֥נוּ אֵֽל Hebrew OT

Emmanuel

εμμανουηλ … μεθ ημων ο θεος · Emmanouēl … meth hēmōn ho theos
"God with us": Matthew's own translation of the name (Matthew 1:23)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
עִמָּ֥נוּ אֵֽל
ʿimmānû ʾēl
Isaiah 7:14 (Hebrew OT)
Greek
εμμανουηλ … μεθ ημων ο θεος
Emmanouēl … meth hēmōn ho theos
Matthew 1:23 (Greek NT)

TWOT 1640d עִמָּנוּאֵל ʿimmānûʾēl; 1640b עִם ʿim ("with"); 93a אֵל ʾēl ("God")

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"“Behold, The virgin will have [a babe] in [her] womb and will bear a son, and they will call His name Emmanuel” (which translated is, God with us)."
"So, The Lord Himself will give you a sign: Behold! The virgin will conceive and will bear a son; and she shall call His name Immanuel."
"And he shall pass through Judah. He shall overflow and pass over; he shall reach to the neck; and his wings will be stretching out, filling the breadth of your land, O Immanuel."
📝 Notes on the text

KJ3 spells it "Emmanuel" at Matthew 1:23 and "Immanuel" at Isaiah 7:14 and 8:8. The Hebrew OT text writes it as two words (עִמָּנוּ אֵל). At Matthew 1:23 Salkinson (עִמָּנוּאֵל) and Margoliouth (עִמָּ֣נוּאֵ֑ל) write it as one word.

הַדָּבָר Hebrew NT

the Word

ο λογος · ho logos
"the Word was with God, and the Word was God" (John 1:1); "became flesh and tabernacled among us" (John 1:14)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
הַדָּבָר
Salkinson
הַדָּבָ֔ר
Margoliouth
haddābār
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at John 1:1 (same words)
Greek
ο λογος
ho logos
John 1:1 (Greek NT)

TWOT 399a דָּבָר dābār

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"In [the] beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God."
"And [the] Word became flesh and tabernacled among us. And we beheld His glory, glory as of an only begotten [One] from the Father, full of grace and of truth."
"and having been clothed in a garment having been dipped in blood. And His name is called The Word of God."
📝 Notes on the text

Revelation 19:13 "The Word of God" is ο λογος του θεου; Salkinson has דְּבַר הָאֱלֹהִים, Margoliouth דְּבַ֥ר הָֽאֱלֹהִֽים. The two Hebrew NTs word the last clause of John 1:1 differently: Salkinson וְהוּא הַדָּבָר הָיָה אֱלֹהִים, Margoliouth וְהָֽאֱלֹהִ֖ים הָיָ֥ה הַדָּבָֽר.

בֶּן־הָאֱלֹהִים Hebrew NT

the Son of God

ο υιος του θεου · ho huios tou theou
"believing you may have life in His name" (John 20:31)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
בֶּן־הָאֱלֹהִים
Salkinson
בֶּ֣ן הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים
Margoliouth
ben-hāʾĕlōhîm
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at John 1:49 (same words)
Greek
ο υιος του θεου
ho huios tou theou
John 1:49 (Greek NT)

TWOT 254 בֵּן bēn ("son"); 93c אֱלֹהִים ʾĕlōhîm

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"Nathanael answered and says to Him, Rabbi, You are the Son of God; You are the King of Israel."
"But these have been written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing you may have life in His name."
"And answering, Simon Peter said, You are the Christ, the Son of the living God."
כְּבַ֥ר אֱנָ֖שׁ Aramaic

the Son of Man

ο υιος του ανθρωπου · ho huios tou anthrōpou
"came to seek and to save the thing having been lost" (Luke 19:10); "to give His life as a ransom instead of many" (Mark 10:45)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
כְּבַ֥ר אֱנָ֖שׁ
kĕbar ʾĕnāš ("like a son of man")
Daniel 7:13 (Aramaic portion of the Hebrew OT)
Greek
ο υιος του ανθρωπου
ho huios tou anthrōpou
Luke 19:10 (Greek NT)

TWOT 2591 אֱנָשׁ ʾĕnāš (Aramaic "man"; no TWOT number is given for Aramaic בַּר)

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"For the Son of Man came to seek and to save the thing having been lost."
"For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life as a ransom instead of many."
"I was looking in the visions of the night. And behold! One like the Son of Man was coming with the clouds of the heavens. And He came to the Ancient of Days. And they brought Him near before Him."
"Jesus said to him, You said it. I tell you more. From this time you shall see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of power, and coming on the clouds of the heaven."
📝 Notes on the text

Daniel 7:13 is in the Aramaic part of Daniel. In Matthew 26:64 the title appears with Daniel's words ("coming on the clouds of the heaven"). At Luke 19:10 Salkinson has בֶן־הָאָדָם, Margoliouth בֵן־הָֽאָדָ֔ם (Hebrew "son of Adam/man").

לְבֶן־דָּוִד Hebrew NT

the Son of David

τω υιω δαβιδ · tō huiō Dabid
"Blessed [is] He coming in the name of the Lord" (Matthew 21:9)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
לְבֶן־דָּוִד
Salkinson
לְבֶן־דָּוִ֑ד
Margoliouth
lĕben-dāwid
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at Matthew 21:9 (same words)
Greek
τω υιω δαβιδ
tō huiō Dabid
Matthew 21:9 (Greek NT)

TWOT 254 בֵּן bēn ("son")

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"And [the] crowd, the ones going before and the ones following, were crying out, saying, Hosanna to the Son of David! “Blessed [is] He coming in the name of the Lord”! Hosanna in the highest!"
"The Book of the genealogy of Jesus Christ the Son of David, the son of Abraham:"
"And Jesus passing on from there, two blind ones followed Him, crying and saying, Have mercy on us, Son of David."
📝 Notes on the text

Both Hebrew NTs render "in the name of the Lord" here as בְּשֵׁם יְהוָֹה, using the name Jehovah.

אֲנִי הָיִיתִי Salkinson

I AM

εγω ειμι · egō eimi
"Before Abraham came to be, I AM!" (John 8:58)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
אֲנִי הָיִיתִי
Salkinson
אֲנִ֥י יֵֽשׁ
Margoliouth
ʾănî hāyîtî (Salkinson, "I was") / ʾănî yēš (Margoliouth, "I am / I exist")
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at John 8:58 (worded differently)
Greek
εγω ειμι
egō eimi
John 8:58 (Greek NT)

TWOT 491 הָיָה hāyâ (root of Salkinson's הָיִיתִי); 921 יֵשׁ yēš (Margoliouth)

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"Jesus said to them, Truly, truly, I say to you, Before Abraham came to be, I AM!"
"Therefore, I said to you that you will die in your sins. For if you do not believe that I AM, you will die in your sins."
📝 Notes on the text

KJ3 also prints "I AM" at Exodus 3:14, where God speaks to Moses (אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה). John 8:58 does not quote that verse, and neither Hebrew NT uses אֶהְיֶה here.

בַּקָּדוֹשׁ וּבַצַדִּיק Hebrew NT

[the] Holy and Just [One]

τον αγιον και δικαιον · ton hagion kai dikaion
"you denied [the] Holy and Just [One]", "whom God raised up from the dead" (Acts 3:14-15)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
בַּקָּדוֹשׁ וּבַצַדִּיק
Salkinson
בַּקָּד֥וֹשׁ וּבַצַּדִּ֖יק
Margoliouth
baqqādôš ûbaṣṣaddîq
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at Acts 3:14 (same words)
Greek
τον αγιον και δικαιον
ton hagion kai dikaion
Acts 3:14 (Greek NT)

TWOT 1990b קָדוֹשׁ qādôš; 1879c צַדִּיק ṣaddîq

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"But you denied [the] Holy and Just [One], and asked for a man, a murderer, to be granted to you."
"And [the] Author of Life you killed, whom God raised up from the dead, of which we are witnesses."
"saying, Ah! What is to us and to You, Jesus, Nazarene? Did You come to destroy us? I know You, who You are, the Holy One of God."
📝 Notes on the text

Luke 4:34 "the Holy One of God" is ο αγιος του θεου; both Hebrew NTs have קְדוֹשׁ הָאֱלֹהִים.

His offices

נָבִ֨יא Hebrew OT

a Prophet

προφητην · prophētēn
"I will put My words [in] His mouth" (Deuteronomy 18:18); "you shall hear Him according to all things" (Acts 3:22)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
נָבִ֨יא
nābîʾ
Deuteronomy 18:15 (Hebrew OT)
Greek
προφητην
prophētēn
Acts 3:22 (Greek NT)

TWOT 1277a נָבִיא nābîʾ

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"For Moses indeed said to [the] fathers, “[The] Lord your God will raise up to you a Prophet from among your brothers, [One] like me; you shall hear Him according to all things,” as many as He may speak to you."
"Jehovah your God shall raise up to you a Prophet from among you, of your brothers, One like me; you shall listen to Him,"
"I shall raise up a Prophet to them from among their brothers, [One] like you; and I will put My words [in] His mouth; and He shall speak to them all that I shall command Him."
📝 Notes on the text

Peter quotes Deuteronomy 18:15 in the same sermon where he names "Jesus Christ" (Acts 3:20) and "His Servant Jesus" (Acts 3:26). Where KJ3 reads "[The] Lord your God" at Acts 3:22, both Hebrew NTs have יְהוָֹה (Jehovah), matching "Jehovah your God" at Deuteronomy 18:15. Both have נָבִיא at Acts 3:22.

רַבִּי … מוֹרִי Salkinson

Rabbi (which being translated is called Teacher)

ραββι … διδασκαλε · rabbi … didaskale
He accepts the title: "you say well, for I AM" (John 13:13)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
רַבִּי … מוֹרִי
Salkinson
רַבִּ֗י … מוֹרֶ֔ה
Margoliouth
rabbî … môrî (Salkinson) / môreh (Margoliouth)
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at John 1:38 (worded differently)
Greek
ραββι … διδασκαλε
rabbi … didaskale
John 1:38 (Greek NT)

TWOT 910c מוֹרֶה môreh ("teacher"; no TWOT number is given for rabbî)

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"But turning having seen them following, Jesus said to them, What do you seek? And [they] said to Him, Rabbi (which being translated is called Teacher), where do You stay?"
"You call Me the Teacher, and, the Lord. And you say well, for I AM."
"Jesus says to her, Mary! Turning around, she says to Him, Rabboni! (which is to say, Teacher)."
כֹהֵן גָּדוֹל Salkinson

a great High Priest

αρχιερεα μεγαν · archierea megan
"has passed through the heavens" (Hebrews 4:14); "a High Priest forever, according to the order of Melchizedek" (Hebrews 6:20)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
כֹהֵן גָּדוֹל
Salkinson
כֹהֵ֨ן רֹ֜אשׁ גָּד֗וֹל
Margoliouth
kōhēn gādôl / kōhēn rōʾš gādôl
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at Hebrews 4:14 (worded differently)
Greek
αρχιερεα μεγαν
archierea megan
Hebrews 4:14 (Greek NT)

TWOT 959a כֹּהֵן kōhēn; 315d גָּדוֹל gādôl; 2097 רֹאשׁ rōʾš (Margoliouth only)

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"Therefore having a great High Priest who has passed through the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold fast the confession."
"For which reason, holy brothers, partakers of a heavenly calling, fully consider the Apostle and High Priest of our confession, Christ Jesus,"
"where Jesus entered as forerunner for us, having become a High Priest forever, according to the order of Melchizedek."
"Jehovah has sworn and will not repent: You [are] a priest forever according to the order of Melchizedek."
📝 Notes on the text

Psalm 110:4 (quoted at Hebrews 5:6) has כֹהֵ֥ן לְעוֹלָ֑ם (kōhēn lĕʿôlām, TWOT 959a + 1631a). Hebrews 3:1 puts the two titles together: "the Apostle and High Priest of our confession".

וּמֵלִיץ Salkinson

one Mediator of God and of men

μεσιτης · mesitēs
"one Mediator of God and of men, [the] Man Christ Jesus" (1 Timothy 2:5); "Mediator of a new covenant" (Hebrews 9:15)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
וּמֵלִיץ
Salkinson
מְמַצֵּ֗עַ
Margoliouth
ûmēlîṣ (Salkinson, with ו "and") / mĕmaṣṣēaʿ (Margoliouth)
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at 1 Timothy 2:5 (worded differently)
Greek
μεσιτης
mesitēs
1 Timothy 2:5 (Greek NT)

TWOT 1113 לִיץ lîṣ (root of the participle מֵלִיץ, which Genesis 42:23 uses for "the interpreter"; no TWOT number is given for מְמַצֵּעַ)

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"For God [is] one, also [there is] one Mediator of God and of men, [the] Man Christ Jesus,"
"And because of this He is Mediator of a new covenant, so that, death having occurred for redemption of transgressions under the first covenant, the ones being called might receive the promise of the everlasting inheritance."
"But now He has gotten a more excellent ministry, also by so much as He is a Mediator of a better [covenant], which has been enacted on better promises."
📝 Notes on the text

Salkinson uses the same word, מֵלִיץ, here and for "Advocate" at 1 John 2:1.

מַלְאָךְ מֵלִיץ Salkinson

an Advocate with [the] Father

παρακλητον · paraklēton
"if anyone sins, we have an Advocate with [the] Father" (1 John 2:1)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
מַלְאָךְ מֵלִיץ
Salkinson
מֵלִיץ֨
Margoliouth
malʾāk mēlîṣ / mēlîṣ
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at 1 John 2:1 (worded differently)
Greek
παρακλητον
paraklēton
1 John 2:1 (Greek NT)

TWOT 1113 לִיץ lîṣ (root of the participle מֵלִיץ)

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"My little children, I am writing these things to you so that you do not sin. And if anyone sins, we have an Advocate with [the] Father, Jesus Christ the Righteous [One]."
"And [He] Himself is [the] propitiation concerning our sins, and not concerning ours only, but also concerning the whole world."
📝 Notes on the text

Jesus uses the same Greek word for the Spirit at John 14:16-17, "another Advocate" (αλλον παρακλητον), and KJ3 renders both "Advocate". At John 14:16 Salkinson again has מֵלִיץ, while Margoliouth has מְנַחֵ֣ם ("comforter").

מֶלֶךְ הַמְּלָכִים וַאֲדֹנֵי הָאֲדֹנִים Salkinson

KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS

βασιλευς βασιλεων και κυριος κυριων · basileus basileōn kai kurios kuriōn
"the Lamb will prevail over them" (Revelation 17:14)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
מֶלֶךְ הַמְּלָכִים וַאֲדֹנֵי הָאֲדֹנִים
Salkinson
מֶ֥לֶךְ הַמְּלָכִ֖ים וַֽאֲד֥וֹן הָֽאֲדֹנִֽים
Margoliouth
melek hammĕlākîm waʾădōnê hāʾădōnîm / … waʾădôn hāʾădōnîm
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at Revelation 19:16 (worded differently)
Greek
βασιλευς βασιλεων και κυριος κυριων
basileus basileōn kai kurios kuriōn
Revelation 19:16 (Greek NT)

TWOT 1199a מֶ֫לֶךְ melek; 27b אָדוֹן ʾādôn

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"And He has on His garment and on His thigh a name having been written: KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS."
"These will make war with the Lamb, and the Lamb will prevail over them, because He is Lord of lords and King of kings, and the ones with Him are the called ones and elect ones and faithful ones."
📝 Notes on the text

The capitals are KJ3's and show the words as written on His garment. The Greek word is κυριος (lord), not the name Jehovah. At Revelation 17:14 the order is reversed: "Lord of lords and King of kings".

רֹאשׁ הָעֵדָה Salkinson

[the] Head of the body, the Assembly

η κεφαλη του σωματος της εκκλησιας · hē kephalē tou sōmatos tēs ekklēsias
"having first place in all things" (Colossians 1:18); "He is Savior of the body" (Ephesians 5:23)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
רֹאשׁ הָעֵדָה
Salkinson
רֹ֨אשׁ הַגְּוִיָּ֜ה הַקְּהִלָּ֗ה
Margoliouth
rōʾš hāʿēdâ / rōʾš haggĕwiyyâ haqqĕhillâ
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at Colossians 1:18 (worded differently)
Greek
η κεφαλη του σωματος της εκκλησιας
hē kephalē tou sōmatos tēs ekklēsias
Colossians 1:18 (Greek NT)

TWOT 2097 רֹאשׁ rōʾš; 878a עֵדָה ʿēdâ (Salkinson); 1991b קְהִלָּה qĕhillâ (Margoliouth)

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"And He is [the] Head of the body, the Assembly, who is the Beginning, the First-born out of the dead [ones] that He having first place in all things;"
"because a husband [is] head of the wife, as also Christ is Head of the Assembly, and He is Savior of the body."
"and He “put all [things] under His feet” and gave Him [to be] Head over all things to the Assembly,"
📝 Notes on the text

KJ3 renders the Greek εκκλησιας as "Assembly". Salkinson renders it הָעֵדָה ("the congregation"); Margoliouth renders it הַקְּהִלָּ֗ה ("the assembly"). Both keep "the body": Salkinson אֲשֶׁר הִיא גְוִיָּתוֹ ("which is His body"), Margoliouth הַגְּוִיָּ֜ה.

What He is to us

מוֹשִׁיעַ הָעוֹלָם Salkinson

the Savior of the world

ο σωτηρ του κοσμου · ho sōtēr tou kosmou
"the Father has sent the Son [as] Savior of the world" (1 John 4:14)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
מוֹשִׁיעַ הָעוֹלָם
Salkinson
מוֹשִׁ֥יעַ הָאָ֖רֶץ
Margoliouth
môšîaʿ hāʿôlām / môšîaʿ hāʾāreṣ
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at John 4:42 (worded differently)
Greek
ο σωτηρ του κοσμου
ho sōtēr tou kosmou
John 4:42 (Greek NT)

TWOT 929 יָשַׁע yāšaʿ (root of the participle מוֹשִׁיעַ); 1631a עוֹלָם ʿôlām (Salkinson)

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"And they were saying to the woman, We no longer believe because of your speech; for we ourselves have heard, and we know that this One is truly the Savior of the world, the Christ."
"because today a Savior, who [is] Christ [the] Lord, was born to you in the city of David."
"And we have beheld and bear witness that the Father has sent the Son [as] Savior of the world."
📝 Notes on the text

Here Margoliouth renders "world" as הָאָרֶץ ("the earth"). At 1 John 4:14 Salkinson uses גֹּאֵל ("redeemer"), while Margoliouth keeps מוֹשִׁיעַ.

שֵׂה הָאֱלֹהִים Hebrew NT

The Lamb of God

ο αμνος του θεου · ho amnos tou theou
"the [One] taking away the sin of the world" (John 1:29)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
שֵׂה הָאֱלֹהִים
Salkinson
שֵׂ֣ה הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים
Margoliouth
śēh hāʾĕlōhîm
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at John 1:29 (same words)
Greek
ο αμνος του θεου
ho amnos tou theou
John 1:29 (Greek NT)

TWOT No TWOT number is given for this word.

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"[On] the next day, John sees Jesus coming toward him and said, Behold! The Lamb of God, the [One] taking away the sin of the world!"
"And looking at Jesus walking, he says, Behold, the Lamb of God!"
"saying with a great voice, Worthy is the Lamb having been slaughtered to receive the power and riches and wisdom and strength and honor and glory and blessing."
📝 Notes on the text

Revelation uses a different Greek word for "Lamb" (αρνιον, Revelation 5:12). At John 1:29 Margoliouth renders "the world" as הָאָֽרֶץ ("the earth"); Salkinson has הָעוֹלָם.

לֶחֶם הַחַיִּים Hebrew NT

the Bread of life

ο αρτος της ζωης · ho artos tēs zōēs
"the [one] coming to Me will not hunger" (John 6:35)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
לֶחֶם הַחַיִּים
Salkinson
לֶ֣חֶם הַֽחַיִּ֑ים
Margoliouth
leḥem haḥayyîm
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at John 6:35 (same words)
Greek
ο αρτος της ζωης
ho artos tēs zōēs
John 6:35 (Greek NT)

TWOT 1105a לֶ֫חֶם leḥem; 644f חַיִּים ḥayyîm

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"And Jesus said to them, I am the Bread of life; the [one] coming to Me will not hunger, not [ever]; and the one believing into Me will not thirst, not ever"
"I am the Bread of life."
"I am the Living Bread, the [One] having come down from Heaven. If anyone eats of this Bread, he will live to the age. And indeed the bread which I will give is My flesh, which I will give for the life of the world."
אוֹר הָעוֹלָם Hebrew NT

the Light of the world

το φως του κοσμου · to phōs tou kosmou
"The [one] following [Me] will not walk in the darkness, not ever, but will have the light of life" (John 8:12)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
אוֹר הָעוֹלָם
Salkinson
א֤וֹר הָֽעוֹלָם֨
Margoliouth
ʾôr hāʿôlām
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at John 8:12 (same words)
Greek
το φως του κοσμου
to phōs tou kosmou
John 8:12 (Greek NT)

TWOT 52a אוֹר ʾôr; 1631a עוֹלָם ʿôlām

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"Then Jesus again spoke to them, saying, I am the Light of the world. The [one] following [Me] will not walk in the darkness, not ever, but will have the light of life."
"While I am in [the] world, I am the Light of the world."
"I have come [as] a Light to the world, that every [one] who believes into Me may not remain in the darkness."
הַשַּׁעַר Salkinson

the door

η θυρα · hē thura
"If anyone enters through Me, he will be saved" (John 10:9)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
הַשַּׁעַר
Salkinson
הַדָּ֑לֶת
Margoliouth
haššaʿar (Salkinson, "the gate") / haddelet (Margoliouth, "the door")
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at John 10:9 (worded differently)
Greek
η θυρα
hē thura
John 10:9 (Greek NT)

TWOT 2437a שַׁ֫עַר šaʿar (Salkinson); 431e דֶּ֫לֶת delet (Margoliouth)

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"I am the door. If anyone enters through Me, he will be saved, and will go in, and will go out, and will find pasture."
"Then Jesus again said to them, Truly, truly, I say to you that I am the door of the sheep."
📝 Notes on the text

The two Hebrew NTs choose different words and keep them at 10:7: Salkinson שַׁעַר הַצֹּאן, Margoliouth דֶּ֥לֶת הַצֹּ֖אן ("door of the sheep").

הָרֹעֶה הַטּוֹב Hebrew NT

the Good Shepherd

ο ποιμην ο καλος · ho poimēn ho kalos
"The Good Shepherd lays down His life on behalf of the sheep" (John 10:11)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
הָרֹעֶה הַטּוֹב
Salkinson
הָֽרֹעֶ֥ה הַטּ֖וֹב
Margoliouth
hārōʿeh haṭṭôb
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at John 10:11 (same words)
Greek
ο ποιμην ο καλος
ho poimēn ho kalos
John 10:11 (Greek NT)

TWOT 2185 רָעָה rāʿâ (root of the participle רֹעֶה); 793a טוֹב ṭôb

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"I am the Good Shepherd! The Good Shepherd lays down His life on behalf of the sheep."
"Now [the] God of Peace, the [One] leading up out of the dead, the great Shepherd of the sheep, in the blood of the everlasting covenant, our Lord Jesus,"
"And [at] the appearing of the Chief Shepherd, you will receive the never-fading crown of glory."
"For you were “straying sheep,” but now you [are] turned back to the Shepherd and Overseer of your souls."
📝 Notes on the text

Also "the great Shepherd of the sheep" (Hebrews 13:20), "the Chief Shepherd" (αρχιποιμενος, 1 Peter 5:4), and "the Shepherd and Overseer of your souls" (1 Peter 2:25). The printed cross-reference "Isa. [53:4-6]" inside 1 Peter 2:25 has been removed from the quotation.

הַדֶּרֶךְ וְהָאֱמֶת וְהַחַיִּים Hebrew NT

the Way, and the Truth, and the Life

η οδος και η αληθεια και η ζωη · hē hodos kai hē alētheia kai hē zōē
"No one comes to the Father if not through Me" (John 14:6)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
הַדֶּרֶךְ וְהָאֱמֶת וְהַחַיִּים
Salkinson
הַדֶּ֥רֶךְ וְהָֽאֱמֶ֖ת וְהַֽחַיִּ֑ים
Margoliouth
hadderek wĕhāʾĕmet wĕhaḥayyîm
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at John 14:6 (same words)
Greek
η οδος και η αληθεια και η ζωη
hē hodos kai hē alētheia kai hē zōē
John 14:6 (Greek NT)

TWOT 453a דֶּ֫רֶךְ derek; 116k אֱמֶת ʾĕmet; 644f חַיִּים ḥayyîm

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"Jesus says to him, I am the Way, and the Truth, and the Life. No one comes to the Father if not through Me."
📝 Notes on the text

No other verse uses this exact three-part name.

הַתְּקוּמָה וְהַחַיִּים Hebrew NT

the Resurrection and the Life

η αναστασις και η ζωη · hē anastasis kai hē zōē
"The one believing into Me, though he die, he shall live" (John 11:25)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
הַתְּקוּמָה וְהַחַיִּים
Salkinson
הַתְּקוּמָ֣ה וְהַֽחַיִּ֑ים
Margoliouth
hattĕqûmâ wĕhaḥayyîm
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at John 11:25 (same words)
Greek
η αναστασις και η ζωη
hē anastasis kai hē zōē
John 11:25 (Greek NT)

TWOT 1999g תְּקוּמָה tĕqûmâ; 644f חַיִּים ḥayyîm

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"Jesus said to her, I am the Resurrection and the Life. The one believing into Me, though he die, he shall live."
📝 Notes on the text

No other verse uses this exact name.

הַגֶּפֶן גֶּפֶן אֱמֶת Salkinson

the True Vine

η αμπελος η αληθινη · hē ampelos hē alēthinē
"The [one] abiding in Me, and I in him, this one bears much fruit" (John 15:5)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
הַגֶּפֶן גֶּפֶן אֱמֶת
Salkinson
הַגֶּ֣פֶן הָֽאֲמִתִּ֑י
Margoliouth
haggepen gepen ʾĕmet / haggepen hāʾămittî
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at John 15:1 (worded differently)
Greek
η αμπελος η αληθινη
hē ampelos hē alēthinē
John 15:1 (Greek NT)

TWOT 372a גֶּ֫פֶן gepen; 116k אֱמֶת ʾĕmet (Salkinson)

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"I am the True Vine, and My Father is the Vinedresser."
"I am the Vine; you [are] the branches. The [one] abiding in Me, and I in him, this one bears much fruit, because without Me you are not able to produce, not one thing."
הֶחָתָן Hebrew NT

the bridegroom

ο νυμφιος · ho numphios
"Can the sons of the bridechamber mourn as long as the bridegroom is with them?" (Matthew 9:15)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
הֶחָתָן
Salkinson
הֶֽחָתָ֣ן
Margoliouth
heḥātān
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at Matthew 9:15 (same words)
Greek
ο νυμφιος
ho numphios
Matthew 9:15 (Greek NT)

TWOT 781c חָתָן ḥātān

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"And Jesus said to them, Can the sons of the bridechamber mourn as long as the bridegroom is with them? But the days will come when the bridegroom will have been taken from them, and then they will fast."
"The [one] having [the] bride is the bridegroom. But the friend of the bridegroom, standing and hearing him, rejoices with joy because of the bridegroom’s voice. Then this my joy has been fulfilled."
📝 Notes on the text

At John 3:29 John the Baptist speaks of himself as "the friend of the bridegroom".

מַצִּילֵנוּ Salkinson

the One delivering

τον ρυομενον · ton rhuomenon
"delivering us from the coming wrath" (1 Thessalonians 1:10)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
מַצִּילֵנוּ
Salkinson
הַמַּצִּ֥יל
Margoliouth
maṣṣîlēnû (Salkinson, "delivers us") / hammaṣṣîl (Margoliouth, "the one delivering")
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at 1 Thessalonians 1:10 (worded differently)
Greek
τον ρυομενον
ton rhuomenon

TWOT 1404 נָצַל nāṣal (root of the participle מַצִּיל)

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"and to await His Son from Heaven, whom He raised from [the] dead ones, Jesus, the One delivering us from the coming wrath."
📝 Notes on the text

Romans 11:26 uses the same Greek participle (ο ρυομενος, "The [One] delivering") where it quotes Isaiah 59:20; there KJ3 reads "the Redeemer" (גּוֹאֵ֔ל).

צוּר אֱמוּנָתֵנוּ הַגֹּמֵר Salkinson

[the] Author and Finisher of [our] faith

τον της πιστεως αρχηγον και τελειωτην · ton tēs pisteōs archēgon kai teleiōtēn
"for the joy set before Him endured the cross, despising the shame" (Hebrews 12:2)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
צוּר אֱמוּנָתֵנוּ הַגֹּמֵר
Salkinson
רֹ֧אשׁ הָֽאֱמוּנָ֛ה וּמַשְׁלִימָ֖הּ
Margoliouth
ṣûr ʾĕmûnātēnû haggōmēr (Salkinson, "rock of our faith, the finisher") / rōʾš hāʾĕmûnâ ûmašlîmāh (Margoliouth, "head of the faith and its completer")
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at Hebrews 12:2 (worded differently)
Greek
τον της πιστεως αρχηγον και τελειωτην
ton tēs pisteōs archēgon kai teleiōtēn
Hebrews 12:2 (Greek NT)

TWOT 1901a צוּר ṣûr (Salkinson); 2097 רֹאשׁ rōʾš (Margoliouth); 116e אֱמוּנָה ʾĕmûnâ

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"looking to [the] Author and Finisher of [our] faith, Jesus, who for the joy set before Him endured the cross, despising the shame, “and has sat down at the right [hand]” of the throne of God.”"
"And [the] Author of Life you killed, whom God raised up from the dead, of which we are witnesses."
📝 Notes on the text

The same Greek word, αρχηγον, is "Author" in KJ3 at Acts 3:15 ("[the] Author of Life") and Hebrews 2:10, and "Ruler" at Acts 5:31.

הַבְּכוֹר Salkinson

the First-begotten among many brothers

πρωτοτοκον · prōtotokon
"the First-born out of the dead [ones]" (Colossians 1:18)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
הַבְּכוֹר
Salkinson
בְּכ֔וֹר
Margoliouth
habbĕkôr / bĕkôr
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at Romans 8:29 (worded differently)
Greek
πρωτοτοκον
prōtotokon
Romans 8:29 (Greek NT)

TWOT 244a בְּכוֹר bĕkôr

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"because whom He foreknew, He also predestinated [to be] conformed to [the] image of His Son, for Him to be the First-begotten among many brothers."
"And He is [the] Head of the body, the Assembly, who is the Beginning, the First-born out of the dead [ones] that He having first place in all things;"
"even from Jesus Christ the faithful Witness, the First-begotten out of the dead [ones], and the Ruler of the kings of the earth. To the One loving us and having washed us from our sins by His blood,"
"who is the image of the invisible God, the First-begotten of all creation."
📝 Notes on the text

KJ3 spells this one Greek word (πρωτοτοκον, πρωτοτοκος) two ways when it is used of Christ: "First-begotten" (Romans 8:29; Colossians 1:15; Hebrews 1:6; Revelation 1:5) and "First-born" (Matthew 1:25; Luke 2:7; Colossians 1:18).

Names from the prophets

פֶּ֠לֶא יוֹעֵץ֙ אֵ֣ל גִּבּ֔וֹר אֲבִי עַ֖ד שַׂר שָׁלֽוֹם Hebrew OT

Wonderful, Counselor, The Mighty God, The Everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace

"the dominion is on His shoulder" (Isaiah 9:6); "no end to the increase of [His] dominion and of peace on the throne of David" (Isaiah 9:7)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
פֶּ֠לֶא יוֹעֵץ֙ אֵ֣ל גִּבּ֔וֹר אֲבִי עַ֖ד שַׂר שָׁלֽוֹם
peleʾ yôʿēṣ ʾēl gibbôr ʾăbî ʿad śar šālôm
Isaiah 9:6 (Hebrew OT; verse 9:5 in the Hebrew numbering)
Greek
Not used in the New Testament.

TWOT 1768a פֶּ֫לֶא peleʾ; 887 יָעַץ yāʿaṣ (root of יוֹעֵץ); 93a אֵל ʾēl; 310b גִּבּוֹר gibbôr; 4a אָב ʾāb; 1565a עַד ʿad; 2295a שַׂר śar; 2401a שָׁלוֹם šālôm

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"For a Child is born; to us, a Son is given; and the dominion is on His shoulder; and His name is called Wonderful, Counselor, The Mighty God, The Everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace."
"There is no end to the increase of [His] dominion and of peace on the throne of David, and on His kingdom, to order it, and to sustain it with judgment and with righteousness, from now and to eternity. The zeal of Jehovah of Hosts will do this."
📝 Notes on the text

The Hebrew text numbers this verse 9:5. KJ3's "The Everlasting Father" is אֲבִי עַ֖ד. Matthew 4:15-16 quotes Isaiah 9:1-2, the opening of this passage.

צֶ֣מַח צַדִּ֑יק Hebrew OT

a righteous Branch

"a King shall reign and act wisely, and He shall do judgment and righteousness in the earth" (Jeremiah 23:5)
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🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
צֶ֣מַח צַדִּ֑יק
ṣemaḥ ṣaddîq
Jeremiah 23:5 (Hebrew OT)
Greek
Not used in the New Testament.

TWOT 1928a צֶ֫מַח ṣemaḥ; 1879c צַדִּיק ṣaddîq

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"Behold, the days come, a statement of Jehovah, that I will raise to David a righteous Branch, and a King shall reign and act wisely, and He shall do judgment and righteousness in the earth."
"And speak to him, saying, So says Jehovah of Hosts, saying, Behold! A Man! [THE] BRANCH [is] His name ! And He shall spring up out of His place, and He shall build the temple of Jehovah."
📝 Notes on the text

Zechariah 6:12 has צֶ֤מַח שְׁמוֹ֙ ("[THE] BRANCH [is] His name"). "My Servant, the BRANCH" (Zechariah 3:8 in the Hebrew, עַבְדִּ֖י צֶֽמַח) is not quoted, because this site's KJ3 text places that sentence at the start of 3:9.

יְהוָ֥ה צִדְקֵֽנוּ Hebrew OT

Jehovah Our Righteousness

"In His days Judah shall be saved, and Israel shall dwell safely" (Jeremiah 23:6)
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🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
יְהוָ֥ה צִדְקֵֽנוּ
YHWH (Jehovah) ṣidqēnû
Jeremiah 23:6 (Hebrew OT)
Greek
Not used in the New Testament.

TWOT 484a יהוה yhwh; 1879a צֶ֫דֶק ṣedeq

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"In His days Judah shall be saved, and Israel shall dwell safely. And this is His name [by] which He shall be called, Jehovah Our Righteousness."
📝 Notes on the text

In 23:6, "His name" is the name of the righteous Branch of 23:5. Jeremiah 33:16 gives the same words as the name of Jerusalem, so it is not listed as a second reference.

עַבְדִּי֙ Hebrew OT

My Servant

ο παις μου · ho pais mou
"I have put My Spirit on Him; He shall bring forth judgment to the nations" (Isaiah 42:1)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
עַבְדִּי֙
ʿabdî
Isaiah 42:1 (Hebrew OT)
Greek
ο παις μου
ho pais mou
Matthew 12:18 (Greek NT)

TWOT 1553a עֶ֫בֶד ʿebed

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"Behold My Servant; I will support Him; My Elect [in whom] My soul is pleased! I have put My Spirit on Him; He shall bring forth judgment to the nations."
"“Behold My Child whom I chose, My Beloved, in whom My soul has delighted! I will put My Spirit on Him, and He will declare judgment to the nations."
"Behold, My Servant shall rule wisely; He shall be exalted and lifted up and be very high."
"Having raised up His Servant Jesus, God sent Him first to you, blessing you in turning away each [one] from your iniquities."
📝 Notes on the text

The Greek is from Matthew 12:18, which quotes Isaiah 42:1. KJ3 renders παις as "My Child" there and as "Servant" at Acts 3:26. Both Hebrew NTs write עַבְדִּי at Matthew 12:18. At Acts 3:26 Salkinson has עַבְדּוֹ ("His servant") but Margoliouth has בְּנוֹ ("His son").

אֶ֭בֶן … לְרֹ֣אשׁ פִּנָּֽה Hebrew OT

The Stone [which] the builders rejected … the Head of the Corner

ο λιθος … εις κεφαλην γωνιας · ho lithos … eis kephalēn gōnias
rejected by the builders, "the Head of the Corner" (Psalm 118:22); "This [One] is [the] Stone" (Acts 4:11)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
אֶ֭בֶן … לְרֹ֣אשׁ פִּנָּֽה
ʾeben … lĕrōʾš pinnâ
Psalm 118:22 (Hebrew OT)
Greek
ο λιθος … εις κεφαλην γωνιας
ho lithos … eis kephalēn gōnias
Acts 4:11 (Greek NT)

TWOT 9 אֶ֫בֶן ʾeben; 2097 רֹאשׁ rōʾš

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"The Stone [which] the builders rejected has become the Head of the Corner."
"”This [One] is [the] Stone” having been despised by you, the [ones] building, the One coming to be into “the Head of the Corner;”"
"being built up on [the] foundation [of the] apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ Himself being the cornerstone,"
"Therefore, it is also contained in the Scripture: “Behold, I lay in Zion” an elect, “precious Stone,” “a Corner-foundation”; “and the [one] believing on Him shall not be put to shame, not [ever]!”"
📝 Notes on the text

The Greek is from Acts 4:11, where Peter applies Psalm 118:22 to Jesus (Acts 4:10); Jesus quotes the same verse at Matthew 21:42. No TWOT number is given for פִּנָּֽה ("corner"). Ephesians 2:20 ("the cornerstone", ακρογωνιαιου) and 1 Peter 2:6 (quoting Isaiah 28:16, ακρογωνιαιον) use a different Greek word.

מוֹשֵׁ֖ל בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל Hebrew OT

One ruling in Israel

ηγουμενος οστις ποιμανει · hēgoumenos hostis poimanei
"His goings forth [have been] from aforetime, from the days of eternity" (Micah 5:2); "who shall shepherd My people Israel" (Matthew 2:6)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
מוֹשֵׁ֖ל בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל
môšēl bĕyiśrāʾēl
Micah 5:2 (Hebrew OT; verse 5:1 in the Hebrew numbering)
Greek
ηγουμενος οστις ποιμανει
hēgoumenos hostis poimanei
Matthew 2:6 (Greek NT)

TWOT 1259 מָשַׁל māšal (root of the participle מוֹשֵׁל)

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"And you, Bethlehem Ephratah, being least among the thousands of Judah, out of you He shall come forth to Me to become One ruling in Israel; and His goings forth [have been] from aforetime, from the days of eternity."
"“And you, Bethlehem, [in] the land of Judea, by no means are you least among the rulers of Judah, for out of you shall come out [One] ruling, who shall shepherd My people Israel.”"
"Has not the Scripture said that the Christ comes from the seed of David, and from Bethlehem, the village where David was?"
📝 Notes on the text

The Hebrew text numbers this verse 5:1. The Greek is from Matthew 2:6, which quotes Micah. There Salkinson writes מוֹשֵׁל and Margoliouth מֹשֵׁ֔ל ("ruler"), and both write יִרְעֶה ("shall shepherd").

Names in the Revelation

אָלֶף וְתָו … רִאשׁוֹן וְאַחֲרוֹן Salkinson

the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End, the First and the Last

το α και το ω … ο πρωτος και ο εσχατος · to A kai to Ō … ho prōtos kai ho eschatos
"Do not fear. I am the First and the Last" (Revelation 1:17)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
אָלֶף וְתָו … רִאשׁוֹן וְאַחֲרוֹן
Salkinson
הָאָ֣לֶף וְהַתָּ֑ו … הָֽרִאשׁ֖וֹן וְהָאַֽחֲרֽוֹן
Margoliouth
ʾālep wĕtāw … riʾšôn wĕʾaḥărôn
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at Revelation 22:13 (worded differently)
Greek
το α και το ω … ο πρωτος και ο εσχατος
to A kai to Ō … ho prōtos kai ho eschatos
Revelation 22:13 (Greek NT)

TWOT 2097c רִאשׁוֹן riʾšôn; 68f אַחֲרוֹן ʾaḥărôn

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End, the First and the Last."
"And when I saw Him, I fell at His feet, as dead. And He put His right hand on me, saying to me, Do not fear. I am the First and the Last,"
📝 Notes on the text

For alpha and omega both Hebrew NTs use alef and tav, the first and last letters of the Hebrew alphabet. The speaker of Revelation 22:12-16 names Himself at 22:16: "I, Jesus".

הָאָמֵן עֵד הָאֱמֶת וְהַצֶּדֶק Salkinson

the Amen, the faithful and true Witness

ο αμην ο μαρτυς ο πιστος και αληθινος · ho amēn ho martus ho pistos kai alēthinos
"the faithful and true Witness" (Revelation 3:14); "He judges and wars in righteousness" (Revelation 19:11)
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🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
הָאָמֵן עֵד הָאֱמֶת וְהַצֶּדֶק
Salkinson
הָֽאָמֵ֞ן הָעֵ֤ד הַנֶּֽאֱמָן֨ וְהָֽאֲמִתִּ֔י
Margoliouth
hāʾāmēn ʿēd hāʾĕmet wĕhaṣṣedeq / hāʾāmēn hāʿēd hanneʾĕmān wĕhāʾămittî
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at Revelation 3:14 (worded differently)
Greek
ο αμην ο μαρτυς ο πιστος και αληθινος
ho amēn ho martus ho pistos kai alēthinos
Revelation 3:14 (Greek NT)

TWOT 116b אָמֵן ʾāmēn; 1576b עֵד ʿēd; 116k אֱמֶת ʾĕmet (Salkinson)

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"And to the angel of the assembly in Laodicean, write: These things says the Amen, the faithful and true Witness, the Beginning of the creation of God:"
"And I saw Heaven having been opened. And, behold! A white horse, and the One sitting on it being called Faithful and True. And He judges and wars in righteousness."
"even from Jesus Christ the faithful Witness, the First-begotten out of the dead [ones], and the Ruler of the kings of the earth. To the One loving us and having washed us from our sins by His blood,"
📝 Notes on the text

Revelation 19:11 has "Faithful and True" (πιστος και αληθινος). Salkinson words 3:14 as "witness of truth and righteousness"; Margoliouth as "the faithful and true witness".

הָאַרְיֵה מִשֵּׁבֶט יְהוּדָה שֹׁרֶשׁ דָּוִד Salkinson

the Lion being of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David

ο λεων ο ων εκ της φυλης ιουδα η ριζα δαβιδ · ho leōn ho ōn ek tēs phulēs Iouda hē rhiza Dabid
"overcame so as to open the scroll, and to loose its seven seals" (Revelation 5:5)
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🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
הָאַרְיֵה מִשֵּׁבֶט יְהוּדָה שֹׁרֶשׁ דָּוִד
Salkinson
הָֽאַרְיֵ֡ה אֲשֶׁר֩ מִשֵּׁ֨בֶט יְהוּדָ֜ה שֹׁ֤רֶשׁ דָּוִד֨
Margoliouth
hāʾaryēh miššēbeṭ yĕhûdâ šōreš dāwid
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at Revelation 5:5 (worded differently)
Greek
ο λεων ο ων εκ της φυλης ιουδα η ριζα δαβιδ
ho leōn ho ōn ek tēs phulēs Iouda hē rhiza Dabid
Revelation 5:5 (Greek NT)

TWOT 158a אֲרִי ʾărî (Hebrew "lion"); 2314a שֵׁ֫בֶט šēbeṭ; 2471a שֹׁ֫רֶשׁ šōreš

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"And one of the elders said to me, Do not weep. Behold, the Lion being of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, overcame so as to open the scroll, and to loose its seven seals."
"And again Isaiah says, “[There] shall be the Root of Jesse, and the [One] rising up to rule the nations; on Him nations will hope.”"
"And it shall be in that day, the Root of Jesse [is it] that stands as a banner of peoples; nations shall seek to Him; and His resting place shall be glory."
📝 Notes on the text

Romans 15:12 quotes Isaiah 11:10, "the Root of Jesse" (שֹׁ֣רֶשׁ יִשַׁ֗י).

אוֹר נֹגַהּ וְכוֹכַב הַשָּׁחַר Salkinson

the bright and morning Star

ο αστηρ ο λαμπρος και ορθρινος · ho astēr ho lampros kai orthrinos
"I am the Root and the Offspring of David, the bright and morning Star" (Revelation 22:16)
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🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
אוֹר נֹגַהּ וְכוֹכַב הַשָּׁחַר
Salkinson
הַכּוֹכָ֥ב הַבָּהִ֖יר וְהַמַּשְׁכִּֽים
Margoliouth
ʾôr nōgah wĕkôkab haššaḥar (Salkinson) / hakkôkāb habbāhîr wĕhammaškîm (Margoliouth)
Salkinson and Margoliouth Hebrew New Testaments at Revelation 22:16 (worded differently)
Greek
ο αστηρ ο λαμπρος και ορθρινος
ho astēr ho lampros kai orthrinos
Revelation 22:16 (Greek NT)

TWOT 942a כּוֹכָב kôkāb; 2369a שַׁ֫חַר šaḥar (Salkinson); 1290a נֹ֫גַהּ nōgah (Salkinson)

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"I, Jesus, sent My angel to testify these things to you over the assemblies. I am the Root and the Offspring of David, the bright and morning Star."
📝 Notes on the text

At Revelation 2:28 ("I will give to him the Morning Star") both Hebrew NTs write כּוֹכַב הַשָּׁחַר.

Names of Christ: Quick Reference Chart

All 39 names of Christ above in one table: the KJ3 wording, the Hebrew and the Greek with transliterations (— not used in the New Testament), the key verse in the Bible Reader, and a phrase from the verse.

Name (KJ3)HebrewGreekKey verseIn the verse
His names
Jesusיֵשׁוּעַ both Hebrew NTsYēšûaʿιησουνIēsoun (accusative of Iēsous)Matt 1:21"He shall save His people from their sins" (Matthew 1:21)
the Messiah (which is, being translated, the Christ)הַמָּשִׁיחַ both Hebrew NTshammāšîaḥτον μεσσιαν … ο χριστοςton Messian … ho ChristosJohn 1:41"When that One comes, He will announce to us all things" (John 4:25)
Emmanuelעִמָּ֥נוּ אֵֽלʿimmānû ʾēlεμμανουηλ … μεθ ημων ο θεοςEmmanouēl … meth hēmōn ho theosMatt 1:23"God with us": Matthew's own translation of the name (Matthew 1:23)
the Wordהַדָּבָר both Hebrew NTshaddābārο λογοςho logosJohn 1:1"the Word was with God, and the Word was God" (John 1:1); "became flesh and tabernacled among us" (John 1:14)
the Son of Godבֶּן־הָאֱלֹהִים both Hebrew NTsben-hāʾĕlōhîmο υιος του θεουho huios tou theouJohn 1:49"believing you may have life in His name" (John 20:31)
the Son of Manכְּבַ֥ר אֱנָ֖שׁ Aramaickĕbar ʾĕnāš ("like a son of man")ο υιος του ανθρωπουho huios tou anthrōpouLuke 19:10"came to seek and to save the thing having been lost" (Luke 19:10); "to give His life as a ransom instead of many" (Mark 10:45)
the Son of Davidלְבֶן־דָּוִד both Hebrew NTslĕben-dāwidτω υιω δαβιδtō huiō DabidMatt 21:9"Blessed [is] He coming in the name of the Lord" (Matthew 21:9)
I AMאֲנִי הָיִיתִי Salkinsonאֲנִ֥י יֵֽשׁ Margoliouthʾănî hāyîtî (Salkinson, "I was") / ʾănî yēš (Margoliouth, "I am / I exist")εγω ειμιegō eimiJohn 8:58"Before Abraham came to be, I AM!" (John 8:58)
[the] Holy and Just [One]בַּקָּדוֹשׁ וּבַצַדִּיק both Hebrew NTsbaqqādôš ûbaṣṣaddîqτον αγιον και δικαιονton hagion kai dikaionActs 3:14"you denied [the] Holy and Just [One]", "whom God raised up from the dead" (Acts 3:14-15)
His offices
a Prophetנָבִ֨יאnābîʾπροφητηνprophētēnActs 3:22"I will put My words [in] His mouth" (Deuteronomy 18:18); "you shall hear Him according to all things" (Acts 3:22)
Rabbi (which being translated is called Teacher)רַבִּי … מוֹרִי Salkinsonרַבִּ֗י … מוֹרֶ֔ה Margoliouthrabbî … môrî (Salkinson) / môreh (Margoliouth)ραββι … διδασκαλεrabbi … didaskaleJohn 1:38He accepts the title: "you say well, for I AM" (John 13:13)
a great High Priestכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל Salkinsonכֹהֵ֨ן רֹ֜אשׁ גָּד֗וֹל Margoliouthkōhēn gādôl / kōhēn rōʾš gādôlαρχιερεα μεγανarchierea meganHeb 4:14"has passed through the heavens" (Hebrews 4:14); "a High Priest forever, according to the order of Melchizedek" (Hebrews 6:20)
one Mediator of God and of menוּמֵלִיץ Salkinsonמְמַצֵּ֗עַ Margoliouthûmēlîṣ (Salkinson, with ו "and") / mĕmaṣṣēaʿ (Margoliouth)μεσιτηςmesitēs1 Tim 2:5"one Mediator of God and of men, [the] Man Christ Jesus" (1 Timothy 2:5); "Mediator of a new covenant" (Hebrews 9:15)
an Advocate with [the] Fatherמַלְאָךְ מֵלִיץ Salkinsonמֵלִיץ֨ Margoliouthmalʾāk mēlîṣ / mēlîṣπαρακλητονparaklēton1 John 2:1"if anyone sins, we have an Advocate with [the] Father" (1 John 2:1)
KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDSמֶלֶךְ הַמְּלָכִים וַאֲדֹנֵי הָאֲדֹנִים Salkinsonמֶ֥לֶךְ הַמְּלָכִ֖ים וַֽאֲד֥וֹן הָֽאֲדֹנִֽים Margoliouthmelek hammĕlākîm waʾădōnê hāʾădōnîm / … waʾădôn hāʾădōnîmβασιλευς βασιλεων και κυριος κυριωνbasileus basileōn kai kurios kuriōnRev 19:16"the Lamb will prevail over them" (Revelation 17:14)
[the] Head of the body, the Assemblyרֹאשׁ הָעֵדָה Salkinsonרֹ֨אשׁ הַגְּוִיָּ֜ה הַקְּהִלָּ֗ה Margoliouthrōʾš hāʿēdâ / rōʾš haggĕwiyyâ haqqĕhillâη κεφαλη του σωματος της εκκλησιαςhē kephalē tou sōmatos tēs ekklēsiasCol 1:18"having first place in all things" (Colossians 1:18); "He is Savior of the body" (Ephesians 5:23)
What He is to us
the Savior of the worldמוֹשִׁיעַ הָעוֹלָם Salkinsonמוֹשִׁ֥יעַ הָאָ֖רֶץ Margoliouthmôšîaʿ hāʿôlām / môšîaʿ hāʾāreṣο σωτηρ του κοσμουho sōtēr tou kosmouJohn 4:42"the Father has sent the Son [as] Savior of the world" (1 John 4:14)
The Lamb of Godשֵׂה הָאֱלֹהִים both Hebrew NTsśēh hāʾĕlōhîmο αμνος του θεουho amnos tou theouJohn 1:29"the [One] taking away the sin of the world" (John 1:29)
the Bread of lifeלֶחֶם הַחַיִּים both Hebrew NTsleḥem haḥayyîmο αρτος της ζωηςho artos tēs zōēsJohn 6:35"the [one] coming to Me will not hunger" (John 6:35)
the Light of the worldאוֹר הָעוֹלָם both Hebrew NTsʾôr hāʿôlāmτο φως του κοσμουto phōs tou kosmouJohn 8:12"The [one] following [Me] will not walk in the darkness, not ever, but will have the light of life" (John 8:12)
the doorהַשַּׁעַר Salkinsonהַדָּ֑לֶת Margoliouthhaššaʿar (Salkinson, "the gate") / haddelet (Margoliouth, "the door")η θυραhē thuraJohn 10:9"If anyone enters through Me, he will be saved" (John 10:9)
the Good Shepherdהָרֹעֶה הַטּוֹב both Hebrew NTshārōʿeh haṭṭôbο ποιμην ο καλοςho poimēn ho kalosJohn 10:11"The Good Shepherd lays down His life on behalf of the sheep" (John 10:11)
the Way, and the Truth, and the Lifeהַדֶּרֶךְ וְהָאֱמֶת וְהַחַיִּים both Hebrew NTshadderek wĕhāʾĕmet wĕhaḥayyîmη οδος και η αληθεια και η ζωηhē hodos kai hē alētheia kai hē zōēJohn 14:6"No one comes to the Father if not through Me" (John 14:6)
the Resurrection and the Lifeהַתְּקוּמָה וְהַחַיִּים both Hebrew NTshattĕqûmâ wĕhaḥayyîmη αναστασις και η ζωηhē anastasis kai hē zōēJohn 11:25"The one believing into Me, though he die, he shall live" (John 11:25)
the True Vineהַגֶּפֶן גֶּפֶן אֱמֶת Salkinsonהַגֶּ֣פֶן הָֽאֲמִתִּ֑י Margoliouthhaggepen gepen ʾĕmet / haggepen hāʾămittîη αμπελος η αληθινηhē ampelos hē alēthinēJohn 15:1"The [one] abiding in Me, and I in him, this one bears much fruit" (John 15:5)
the bridegroomהֶחָתָן both Hebrew NTsheḥātānο νυμφιοςho numphiosMatt 9:15"Can the sons of the bridechamber mourn as long as the bridegroom is with them?" (Matthew 9:15)
the One deliveringמַצִּילֵנוּ Salkinsonהַמַּצִּ֥יל Margoliouthmaṣṣîlēnû (Salkinson, "delivers us") / hammaṣṣîl (Margoliouth, "the one delivering")τον ρυομενονton rhuomenon1 Thess 1:10"delivering us from the coming wrath" (1 Thessalonians 1:10)
[the] Author and Finisher of [our] faithצוּר אֱמוּנָתֵנוּ הַגֹּמֵר Salkinsonרֹ֧אשׁ הָֽאֱמוּנָ֛ה וּמַשְׁלִימָ֖הּ Margoliouthṣûr ʾĕmûnātēnû haggōmēr (Salkinson, "rock of our faith, the finisher") / rōʾš hāʾĕmûnâ ûmašlîmāh (Margoliouth, "head of the faith and its completer")τον της πιστεως αρχηγον και τελειωτηνton tēs pisteōs archēgon kai teleiōtēnHeb 12:2"for the joy set before Him endured the cross, despising the shame" (Hebrews 12:2)
the First-begotten among many brothersהַבְּכוֹר Salkinsonבְּכ֔וֹר Margoliouthhabbĕkôr / bĕkôrπρωτοτοκονprōtotokonRom 8:29"the First-born out of the dead [ones]" (Colossians 1:18)
Names from the prophets
Wonderful, Counselor, The Mighty God, The Everlasting Father, The Prince of Peaceפֶּ֠לֶא יוֹעֵץ֙ אֵ֣ל גִּבּ֔וֹר אֲבִי עַ֖ד שַׂר שָׁלֽוֹםpeleʾ yôʿēṣ ʾēl gibbôr ʾăbî ʿad śar šālôm—Isa 9:6"the dominion is on His shoulder" (Isaiah 9:6); "no end to the increase of [His] dominion and of peace on the throne of David" (Isaiah 9:7)
a righteous Branchצֶ֣מַח צַדִּ֑יקṣemaḥ ṣaddîq—Jer 23:5"a King shall reign and act wisely, and He shall do judgment and righteousness in the earth" (Jeremiah 23:5)
Jehovah Our Righteousnessיְהוָ֥ה צִדְקֵֽנוּYHWH (Jehovah) ṣidqēnû—Jer 23:6"In His days Judah shall be saved, and Israel shall dwell safely" (Jeremiah 23:6)
My Servantעַבְדִּי֙ʿabdîο παις μουho pais mouIsa 42:1"I have put My Spirit on Him; He shall bring forth judgment to the nations" (Isaiah 42:1)
The Stone [which] the builders rejected … the Head of the Cornerאֶ֭בֶן … לְרֹ֣אשׁ פִּנָּֽהʾeben … lĕrōʾš pinnâο λιθος … εις κεφαλην γωνιαςho lithos … eis kephalēn gōniasPs 118:22rejected by the builders, "the Head of the Corner" (Psalm 118:22); "This [One] is [the] Stone" (Acts 4:11)
One ruling in Israelמוֹשֵׁ֖ל בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑לmôšēl bĕyiśrāʾēlηγουμενος οστις ποιμανειhēgoumenos hostis poimaneiMic 5:2"His goings forth [have been] from aforetime, from the days of eternity" (Micah 5:2); "who shall shepherd My people Israel" (Matthew 2:6)
Names in the Revelation
the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End, the First and the Lastאָלֶף וְתָו … רִאשׁוֹן וְאַחֲרוֹן Salkinsonהָאָ֣לֶף וְהַתָּ֑ו … הָֽרִאשׁ֖וֹן וְהָאַֽחֲרֽוֹן Margoliouthʾālep wĕtāw … riʾšôn wĕʾaḥărônτο α και το ω … ο πρωτος και ο εσχατοςto A kai to Ō … ho prōtos kai ho eschatosRev 22:13"Do not fear. I am the First and the Last" (Revelation 1:17)
the Amen, the faithful and true Witnessהָאָמֵן עֵד הָאֱמֶת וְהַצֶּדֶק Salkinsonהָֽאָמֵ֞ן הָעֵ֤ד הַנֶּֽאֱמָן֨ וְהָֽאֲמִתִּ֔י Margoliouthhāʾāmēn ʿēd hāʾĕmet wĕhaṣṣedeq / hāʾāmēn hāʿēd hanneʾĕmān wĕhāʾămittîο αμην ο μαρτυς ο πιστος και αληθινοςho amēn ho martus ho pistos kai alēthinosRev 3:14"the faithful and true Witness" (Revelation 3:14); "He judges and wars in righteousness" (Revelation 19:11)
the Lion being of the tribe of Judah, the Root of Davidהָאַרְיֵה מִשֵּׁבֶט יְהוּדָה שֹׁרֶשׁ דָּוִד Salkinsonהָֽאַרְיֵ֡ה אֲשֶׁר֩ מִשֵּׁ֨בֶט יְהוּדָ֜ה שֹׁ֤רֶשׁ דָּוִד֨ Margoliouthhāʾaryēh miššēbeṭ yĕhûdâ šōreš dāwidο λεων ο ων εκ της φυλης ιουδα η ριζα δαβιδho leōn ho ōn ek tēs phulēs Iouda hē rhiza DabidRev 5:5"overcame so as to open the scroll, and to loose its seven seals" (Revelation 5:5)
the bright and morning Starאוֹר נֹגַהּ וְכוֹכַב הַשָּׁחַר Salkinsonהַכּוֹכָ֥ב הַבָּהִ֖יר וְהַמַּשְׁכִּֽים Margoliouthʾôr nōgah wĕkôkab haššaḥar (Salkinson) / hakkôkāb habbāhîr wĕhammaškîm (Margoliouth)ο αστηρ ο λαμπρος και ορθρινοςho astēr ho lampros kai orthrinosRev 22:16"I am the Root and the Offspring of David, the bright and morning Star" (Revelation 22:16)
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Names of the Holy Spirit

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Names and Titles of the Holy Spirit

20 names and titles as the KJ3 prints them, with the Hebrew and the Greek

Each card gives a name or title of the Holy Spirit in the KJ3's own words, with a phrase from the verse that gives it. The KJ3 prints "Spirit" with a capital in these names except the three in Isaiah 11:2, where it prints "spirit"; each card keeps the KJ3's own capitals.

For a name given in the New Testament, the Hebrew comes from the two Hebrew translations of the New Testament that the Bible Reader can display, Salkinson's and Margoliouth's. Where they word a name differently, both are shown. For a name given in the Old Testament, the Hebrew is the Hebrew Old Testament text.

TWOT numbers are from the Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament. Where no TWOT entry could be matched to a word, no number is given, and the card says so.

Old Testament names

ר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים Hebrew OT

the Spirit of God

το πνευμα του θεου · to pneuma tou theou
"hovering on the face of the waters" (Gen 1:2); "made me" (Job 33:4)
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🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
ר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים
rûaḥ ʾĕlōhîm
Genesis 1:2 (Hebrew OT)
Greek
το πνευμα του θεου
to pneuma tou theou
Matthew 3:16 (Greek NT)

TWOT 2131a rûaḥ · 93c ʾĕlōhîm

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"and [the] earth [being] without form and empty, and darkness being on the face of the deep, and the Spirit of God hovering on the face of the waters,"
"The Spirit of God made me, and the breath of the Almighty enlivened me."
"And having been baptized, Jesus went up immediately from the water. And, behold! The heavens were opened to Him, and He saw the Spirit of God coming down as a dove, and coming upon Him."
📝 Notes on the text

Job 33:4 has רֽוּחַ אֵ֥ל (rûaḥ ʾēl, TWOT 93a ʾēl) in parallel with נִשְׁמַ֖ת שַׁדַּ֣י (nišmat šadday, TWOT 1433a nĕšāmâ, 2333 šadday; KJ3 "the breath of the Almighty"). Hebrew NT at Matthew 3:16: Salkinson רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים, Margoliouth ר֨וּחַ הָֽאֱלֹהִ֤ים (adds the article). First KJ3 occurrence of the name is Genesis 1:2.

רֽוּחַ יְהוָה֮ Hebrew OT

the Spirit of Jehovah

το πνευμα κυριου · to pneuma kyriou
"was put on him, and he judged Israel" (Judg 3:10); "came mightily upon David" (1 Sam 16:13)
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🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
רֽוּחַ יְהוָה֮
rûaḥ YHWH
Judges 3:10 (Hebrew OT)
Greek
το πνευμα κυριου
to pneuma kyriou

TWOT 2131a rûaḥ · 484a yhwh

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"And the Spirit of Jehovah was put on him, and he judged Israel. And he went out to war, and Jehovah gave Chushan-rishathaim the king of Mesopotamia into his hand. And his hand had power over Chushan-rishathaim."
"And Samuel took the horn of oil and anointed him in the midst of his brothers. And the Spirit of Jehovah came mightily upon David from that day and onward. And Samuel rose up and went to Ramah."
"But [by] the Spirit of Jehovah I am full of power and justice and might, to declare to Jacob his transgression, and his sin to Israel."
📝 Notes on the text

First KJ3 occurrence is Judges 3:10 (24 occurrences in the KJ3 OT). The KJ3 New Testament has "[the] Spirit of the Lord" at Acts 5:9 and "the Spirit of the Lord" at 2 Corinthians 3:17 (Greek at both: το πνευμα κυριου). Margoliouth renders it with the Name at both verses: ר֣וּחַ יְהוָֹ֑ה (Acts 5:9), ר֣וּחַ יְהֹוָ֔ה (2 Corinthians 3:17). Salkinson does so at Acts 5:9 (רוּחַ יְהוָֹה) but has רוּחַ אֲדֹנֵינוּ ("Spirit of our Lord") at 2 Corinthians 3:17.

רוּחֲךָ֨ הַטּוֹבָ֔ה Hebrew OT

Your good Spirit

given "to teach them" (Neh 9:20)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
רוּחֲךָ֨ הַטּוֹבָ֔ה
rûḥăkā haṭṭôbâ
Nehemiah 9:20 (Hebrew OT)
Greek
Not used in the New Testament.

TWOT 2131a rûaḥ · 793a ṭôb

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"You also gave Your good Spirit to teach them, and did not withhold Your manna from their mouth, and gave them water for their thirst."
"Teach me to do Your will; for You [are] my God; Your Spirit [is] good; lead me into the land of uprightness."
📝 Notes on the text

Psalm 143:10 has the same two words as a clause: רוּחֲךָ֥ טוֹבָ֑ה (KJ3 "Your Spirit [is] good"). The KJ3 phrase "good Spirit" occurs only at Nehemiah 9:20.

ר֧וּחַ חָכְמָ֣ה וּבִינָ֗ה ר֤וּחַ עֵצָה֙ וּגְבוּרָ֔ה ר֥וּחַ דַּ֖עַת וְיִרְאַ֥ת יְהוָֽה Hebrew OT

the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and power, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of Jehovah

the Spirit of Jehovah "shall rest on Him": wisdom, understanding, counsel, power, knowledge, the fear of Jehovah (Isa 11:2)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
ר֧וּחַ חָכְמָ֣ה וּבִינָ֗ה ר֤וּחַ עֵצָה֙ וּגְבוּרָ֔ה ר֥וּחַ דַּ֖עַת וְיִרְאַ֥ת יְהוָֽה
rûaḥ ḥokmâ ûbînâ, rûaḥ ʿēṣâ ûgĕbûrâ, rûaḥ daʿat wĕyirʾat YHWH
Isaiah 11:2 (Hebrew OT)
Greek
Not used in the New Testament.

TWOT 2131a rûaḥ · 647a ḥokmâ · 239b bînâ · 887a ʿēṣâ · 310c gĕbûrâ · 848c daʿat · 907b yirʾâ · 484a yhwh

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"And shall rest on Him the Spirit of Jehovah, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and power, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of Jehovah."
📝 Notes on the text

KJ3 prints "spirit" in lower case in these three phrases. They stand in apposition to "the Spirit of Jehovah" in the same verse (Hebrew ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֑ה). KJ3 prints [Isa. 11:2] as the cross-reference at 1 Peter 4:14 (see "the Spirit of God and of glory").

ר֤וּחַ חֵן֙ וְתַ֣חֲנוּנִ֔ים Hebrew OT

the Spirit of grace and of prayers

το πνευμα της χαριτος · to pneuma tēs charitos
"I will pour out on the house of David, and on those living [in] Jerusalem" (Zech 12:10)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
ר֤וּחַ חֵן֙ וְתַ֣חֲנוּנִ֔ים
rûaḥ ḥēn wĕtaḥănûnîm
Zechariah 12:10 (Hebrew OT)
Greek
το πνευμα της χαριτος
to pneuma tēs charitos
Hebrews 10:29 (Greek NT)

TWOT 2131a rûaḥ · 694a ḥēn · 694g taḥănûn

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"And I will pour out on the house of David, and on those living [in] Jerusalem, the Spirit of grace and of prayers. And [they] shall look on Me whom they have pierced; and they shall mourn for Him, as one mourns for an only [son], and they shall be bitter over Him, like the bitterness over the first-born."
"How much worse punishment do you think will be thought worthy [to receive], [the] [one] having trampled the Son of God, and having counted common the blood of the covenant in which he was sanctified, and having insulted the Spirit of grace?"
📝 Notes on the text

Hebrews 10:29, "the Spirit of grace": Salkinson רוּחַ נְדִיבָה (nĕdîbâ, TWOT 1299c), Margoliouth ר֥וּחַ הַחָֽסֶד (ḥesed, TWOT 698a). They differ from each other and from Zechariah's ḥēn.

Named with the Father and the Son

רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Hebrew NT

the Holy Spirit

του αγιου πνευματος · tou hagiou pneumatos
"the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit" (Matt 28:19)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ
Salkinson
ר֥וּחַ הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ
Margoliouth
rûaḥ haqqōdeš (both agree)
Salkinson and Margoliouth at Matthew 28:19
Greek
του αγιου πνευματος
tou hagiou pneumatos
Matthew 28:19 (Greek NT)

TWOT 2131a rûaḥ · 1990a qōdeš

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"Therefore having gone, disciple all nations, baptizing them into the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit,"
"Do not cast me out from Your presence, and do not take Your Holy Spirit from me."
"But they rebelled, [and] provoked His Holy Spirit, and [He] was turned [to be] their enemy; He fought against them."
📝 Notes on the text

Old Testament: Psalm 51:11 (Hebrew 51:13) ר֥וּחַ קָ֝דְשְׁךָ֗ (rûaḥ qodšĕkā, word for word "spirit of Your holiness"), set in parallel with "Your presence". Isaiah 63:11 ר֥וּחַ קָדְשֽׁוֹ (rûaḥ qodšô, "His Holy Spirit"). The verb at Isaiah 63:10, עִצְּב֖וּ (TWOT 1666 ʿāṣab; KJ3 "provoked"), is the verb both Hebrew New Testaments use at Ephesians 4:30, "do not grieve [the] Holy Spirit of God": Salkinson וְאַל־תְּעַצְּבוּ, Margoliouth וְאַ֨ל־תְּעַצְּב֔וּ. John 14:26 joins this name to "the Advocate".

רוּחַ־אֲבִיכֶם Hebrew NT

the Spirit of your Father

το πνευμα του πατρος υμων · to pneuma tou patros hymōn
"who speaks in you" (Matt 10:20)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
רוּחַ־אֲבִיכֶם
Salkinson
ר֥וּחַ אֲבִיכֶ֖ם
Margoliouth
rûaḥ ʾăbîkem (both agree)
Salkinson and Margoliouth at Matthew 10:20
Greek
το πνευμα του πατρος υμων
to pneuma tou patros hymōn
Matthew 10:20 (Greek NT)

TWOT 2131a rûaḥ · 4a ʾāb

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"For you are not the ones speaking, but the Spirit of your Father who speaks in you."
📝 Notes on the text

The exact KJ3 phrase occurs only here.

רוּחַ בְּנוֹ Hebrew NT

the Spirit of His Son

το πνευμα του υιου αυτου · to pneuma tou huiou autou
"God sent forth the Spirit of His Son into your hearts, crying, Abba! Father!" (Gal 4:6)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
רוּחַ בְּנוֹ
Salkinson
ר֥וּחַ בְּנ֖וֹ
Margoliouth
rûaḥ bĕnô (both agree)
Salkinson and Margoliouth at Galatians 4:6
Greek
το πνευμα του υιου αυτου
to pneuma tou huiou autou
Galatians 4:6 (Greek NT)

TWOT 2131a rûaḥ · 254 bēn

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"And because you are sons, God sent forth the Spirit of His Son into your hearts, crying, Abba! Father!"
📝 Notes on the text

The exact KJ3 phrase occurs only here. The same cry, "Abba! Father!", follows "a Spirit of adoption" at Romans 8:15.

רוּחַ הַמָּשִׁיחַ Hebrew NT

the Spirit of Christ

πνευμα χριστου · pneuma christou
"testifying beforehand of the sufferings belonging to Christ, and the glories after these" (1 Pet 1:11)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
רוּחַ הַמָּשִׁיחַ
Salkinson
ר֥וּחַ הַמָּשִׁ֖יחַ
Margoliouth
rûaḥ hammāšîaḥ (both agree)
Salkinson and Margoliouth at 1 Peter 1:11
Greek
πνευμα χριστου
pneuma christou
1 Peter 1:11 (Greek NT)

TWOT 2131a rûaḥ · 1255c māšîaḥ

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"searching for what, or what sort of time the Spirit of Christ made clear within them; testifying beforehand of the sufferings belonging to Christ, and the glories after these."
"But you are not in [the] flesh, but in the Spirit, if indeed the Spirit of God dwells in you. But if anyone has not the Spirit of Christ, this one [is] not His."
"For I know that this will turn out into deliverance to me through your petition and [the] supply of the Spirit of Jesus Christ,"
📝 Notes on the text

Romans 8:9 names Him "the Spirit of God" and "the Spirit of Christ" in one verse (Greek πνευμα θεου ... πνευμα χριστου). Philippians 1:19: "the Spirit of Jesus Christ" (του πνευματος ιησου χριστου).

רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים חַיִּים Hebrew NT

the Spirit of the living God

πνευματι θεου ζωντος · pneumati theou zōntos
Christ's letter, "inscribed ... by the Spirit of the living God, not in tablets of stone, but in fleshly tablets of the heart" (2 Cor 3:3)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים חַיִּים
Salkinson
ר֖וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֣ים חַיִּ֑ים
Margoliouth
rûaḥ ʾĕlōhîm ḥayyîm (both agree)
Salkinson and Margoliouth at 2 Corinthians 3:3
Greek
πνευματι θεου ζωντος
pneumati theou zōntos

TWOT 2131a rûaḥ · 93c ʾĕlōhîm · 644a ḥay

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"it being made known that you are Christ’s letter, ministered by us, not having been inscribed by ink, but by the Spirit of the living God, not in tablets of stone, but in fleshly tablets of the heart."
📝 Notes on the text

The exact KJ3 phrase occurs only here.

With the Anointed One

ר֛וּחַ אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה Hebrew OT

the Spirit of the Lord Jehovah

πνευμα κυριου · pneuma kyriou
"[is] on Me, because Jehovah has anointed Me to bear good news to the poor [one]" (Isa 61:1)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
ר֛וּחַ אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה
rûaḥ ʾădōnāy YHWH
Isaiah 61:1 (Hebrew OT)
Greek
πνευμα κυριου
pneuma kyriou
Luke 4:18 (Greek NT)

TWOT 2131a rûaḥ · 27b ʾādôn · 484a yhwh

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"The Spirit of the Lord Jehovah [is] on Me, because Jehovah has anointed Me to bear good news to the poor [one]. He has sent Me to bind up the broken of heart, to proclaim liberty to captives, and complete opening to the ones being bound;"
"“[The] Spirit of [the] Lord [is] upon Me. Because of this He anointed Me to proclaim the gospel to the poor [ones]; He has sent Me” to heal those being broken [in] heart, “to proclaim freedom to captives, and to the blind ones to see again,” to send away in freedom [the ones] being crushed,"
📝 Notes on the text

Jesus reads this at Luke 4:18, and at 4:21 says "Today this Scripture has been fulfilled in your ears." Greek at Luke 4:18: πνευμα κυριου επ εμε. Hebrew NT at Luke 4:18: Salkinson רוּחַ אֲדֹנָי יֱהוִֹה (Isaiah's wording), Margoliouth ר֥וּחַ אֲדֹנָ֖י (without the Name).

בְּרוּחַ עוֹלָם Salkinson

the eternal Spirit

πνευματος αιωνιου · pneumatos aiōniou
Christ "through the eternal Spirit offered Himself without blemish to God" (Heb 9:14)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
בְּרוּחַ עוֹלָם
Salkinson
בְּר֣וּחַ נֶ֗צַח
Margoliouth
bĕrûaḥ ʿôlām (Salkinson) / bĕrûaḥ neṣaḥ (Margoliouth)
Salkinson and Margoliouth at Hebrews 9:14
Greek
πνευματος αιωνιου
pneumatos aiōniou
Hebrews 9:14 (Greek NT)

TWOT 2131a rûaḥ · 1631a ʿôlām · 1402a nēṣaḥ

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"by how much more [the] blood of Christ (who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself without blemish to God), will purify your conscience from dead works, to serve the living God!"
📝 Notes on the text

The two Hebrew New Testaments differ: Salkinson has ʿôlām, Margoliouth has neṣaḥ. The exact KJ3 phrase occurs only here.

רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Salkinson

the Spirit of holiness

πνευμα αγιωσυνης · pneuma hagiōsynēs
Jesus Christ "designated the Son of God in power, according to the Spirit of holiness, by the resurrection of dead [ones]" (Rom 1:4)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ
Salkinson
ר֣וּחַ הַקְּדֻשָּׁ֔ה
Margoliouth
rûaḥ haqqōdeš (Salkinson) / rûaḥ haqqĕduššâ (Margoliouth)
Salkinson and Margoliouth at Romans 1:4
Greek
πνευμα αγιωσυνης
pneuma hagiōsynēs
Romans 1:4 (Greek NT)

TWOT 2131a rûaḥ · 1990a qōdeš

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"[the] [One] designated the Son of God in power, according to the Spirit of holiness, by the resurrection of dead [ones], Jesus Christ our Lord;"
📝 Notes on the text

The two Hebrew New Testaments differ. TWOT 1990a covers Salkinson's qōdeš; no TWOT number is given for Margoliouth's qĕduššâ. Compare Psalm 51:11, whose Hebrew reads word for word "spirit of Your holiness" (KJ3 "Your Holy Spirit").

The Advocate: the Lord's words in John 14-16

וְהַמֵּלִיץ Salkinson

the Advocate

ο δε παρακλητος · ho de paraklētos ("but the Advocate")
"He shall teach you all things" (John 14:26); "that He may remain with you to the age" (John 14:16)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
וְהַמֵּלִיץ
Salkinson
הַמְּנַחֵ֗ם
Margoliouth
wĕhammēlîṣ (Salkinson) / hammĕnaḥēm (Margoliouth)
Salkinson and Margoliouth at John 14:26
Greek
ο δε παρακλητος
ho de paraklētos ("but the Advocate")
John 14:26 (Greek NT)

TWOT 1344 nāḥam

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"but the Advocate, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in My name, He shall teach you all things and shall remind you [of] all things that I said to you."
"And I will ask the Father, and He will give you another Advocate, that He may remain with you to the age,"
"But when the Advocate comes, whom I will send to you from the Father, the Spirit of Truth who proceeds from the Father, that One will witness concerning Me."
📝 Notes on the text

The nominative παρακλητος appears at John 14:26, 15:26 and 16:7. The two Hebrew New Testaments differ, and each keeps its own word through John 14-16. Salkinson uses מֵלִיץ, which KJ3 renders "the interpreter" at Genesis 42:23 and "a mediator" at Job 33:23. Margoliouth uses מְנַחֵם, which KJ3 renders "[one] comforting" at Lamentations 1:16; its root is TWOT 1344 nāḥam. No TWOT number is given for mēlîṣ. At 1 John 2:1 KJ3 calls Jesus Christ "an Advocate with [the] Father" (Greek παρακλητον), and there both Hebrew New Testaments use מֵלִיץ (Margoliouth מֵלִיץ֨). At John 14:16 the Lord says "another Advocate": Greek αλλον παρακλητον; Salkinson מֵלִיץ אַחֵר, Margoliouth מְנַחֵ֣ם אַחֵ֔ר (ʾaḥēr, TWOT 68a).

רוּחַ הָאֱמֶת Hebrew NT

the Spirit of Truth

το πνευμα της αληθειας · to pneuma tēs alētheias
"He abides with you and shall be in you" (John 14:17); "He will guide you into all Truth" (John 16:13)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
רוּחַ הָאֱמֶת
Salkinson
ר֣וּחַ הָֽ֠אֱמֶת
Margoliouth
rûaḥ hāʾĕmet (both agree)
Salkinson and Margoliouth at John 14:17
Greek
το πνευμα της αληθειας
to pneuma tēs alētheias
John 14:17 (Greek NT)

TWOT 2131a rûaḥ · 116k ʾĕmet

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"the Spirit of Truth, whom the world cannot receive because it does not see Him nor know Him; but you know Him, for He abides with you and shall be in you."
"But when the Advocate comes, whom I will send to you from the Father, the Spirit of Truth who proceeds from the Father, that One will witness concerning Me."
"But when that One comes, the Spirit of Truth, He will guide you into all Truth, for He will not speak from Himself, but as many things as He hears, He will speak; and He will announce the coming things to you."
📝 Notes on the text

KJ3 capitalizes "the Spirit of Truth" three times, all in John 14-16. 1 John 4:6 has lower-case "the spirit of truth", set against "the spirit of error". At John 15:26 He "proceeds from the Father" and "will witness concerning Me".

What He is to believers

רוּחַ הַחַיִּים Hebrew NT

the Spirit of life

του πνευματος της ζωης · tou pneumatos tēs zōēs
"the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus set me free from the law of sin and of death" (Rom 8:2)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
רוּחַ הַחַיִּים
Salkinson
ר֤וּחַ הַֽחַיִּים֙
Margoliouth
rûaḥ haḥayyîm (both agree)
Salkinson and Margoliouth at Romans 8:2
Greek
του πνευματος της ζωης
tou pneumatos tēs zōēs
Romans 8:2 (Greek NT)

TWOT 2131a rûaḥ · 644f ḥayyîm

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus set me free from the law of sin and of death."
📝 Notes on the text

Revelation 11:11 is not counted under this name: KJ3 prints lower-case "a spirit of life from God" (Greek πνευμα ζωης εκ του θεου), which "entered into them, and they stood on their feet".

רוּחַ כְּמִשְׁפַּט הַבָּנִים Salkinson

a Spirit of adoption

πνευμα υιοθεσιας · pneuma huiothesias
"by which we cry, Abba! Father!" (Rom 8:15)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
רוּחַ כְּמִשְׁפַּט הַבָּנִים
Salkinson
ר֤וּחַ תְּשׂוּמַ֣ת בָּנִ֔ים
Margoliouth
rûaḥ kĕmišpaṭ habbānîm (Salkinson) / rûaḥ tĕśûmat bānîm (Margoliouth)
Salkinson and Margoliouth at Romans 8:15
Greek
πνευμα υιοθεσιας
pneuma huiothesias
Romans 8:15 (Greek NT)

TWOT 2131a rûaḥ · 2443c mišpāṭ · 254 bēn

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"For you received not a spirit of slavery again to fear, but you received a Spirit of adoption by which we cry, Abba! Father!"
📝 Notes on the text

The two Hebrew New Testaments differ, and both render "adoption" with a two-word phrase. In the same verse it is set against "a spirit of slavery again to fear". No TWOT number is given for Margoliouth's tĕśûmet: TWOT glosses it "pledge, security" (Lev 5:21), which is not its sense here. The exact KJ3 phrase occurs only here.

בְּרוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֵּר Salkinson

the Holy Spirit of promise

τω πνευματι της επαγγελιας τω αγιω · tō pneumati tēs epangelias tō hagiō
"you were sealed with the Holy Spirit of promise" (Eph 1:13); "an earnest of our inheritance" (Eph 1:14)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
בְּרוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֵּר
Salkinson
בְּר֥וּחַ הַֽהַבְטָחָ֖ה הַקָּדֽוֹשׁ
Margoliouth
bĕrûaḥ haqqōdeš kaʾăšer dibbēr (Salkinson, "as He spoke") / bĕrûaḥ hahabṭāḥâ haqqādôš (Margoliouth)
Salkinson and Margoliouth at Ephesians 1:13
Greek
τω πνευματι της επαγγελιας τω αγιω
tō pneumati tēs epangelias tō hagiō
Ephesians 1:13 (Greek NT)

TWOT 2131a rûaḥ · 1990a qōdeš · 1990b qādôš

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"in whom also you, hearing the Word of truth, the gospel of your salvation, in whom also believing you were sealed with the Holy Spirit of promise,"
"who is an earnest of our inheritance, unto [the] redemption of the purchased possession, to the praise of His glory."
"And do not grieve [the] Holy Spirit of God, [in] whom you were sealed to the day of redemption."
📝 Notes on the text

The two Hebrew New Testaments differ: Salkinson has no noun for "promise", and no TWOT number is given for Margoliouth's habṭāḥâ. Ephesians 4:30 names Him "[the] Holy Spirit of God, [in] whom you were sealed to the day of redemption" (Greek το πνευμα το αγιον του θεου).

רוּחַ הַכָּבוֹד וְרוּחַ אֱלֹהִים Salkinson

the Spirit of God and of glory

το της δοξης και το του θεου πνευμα · to tēs doxēs kai to tou theou pneuma
"rests on you" when you are "reviled in [the] name of Christ" (1 Pet 4:14)
▼

🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
רוּחַ הַכָּבוֹד וְרוּחַ אֱלֹהִים
Salkinson
ר֧וּחַ הַכָּב֛וֹד וְהָֽאֱלֹהִ֖ים
Margoliouth
rûaḥ hakkābôd wĕrûaḥ ʾĕlōhîm (Salkinson) / rûaḥ hakkābôd wĕhāʾĕlōhîm (Margoliouth)
Salkinson and Margoliouth at 1 Peter 4:14
Greek
το της δοξης και το του θεου πνευμα
to tēs doxēs kai to tou theou pneuma
1 Peter 4:14 (Greek NT)

TWOT 2131a rûaḥ · 943e kābôd · 93c ʾĕlōhîm

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"If [you are] reviled in [the] name of Christ, you are blessed, because “the Spirit of God and of glory rests on you.” Truly, according to them, He is blasphemed; but according to you, He is glorified."
📝 Notes on the text

The Greek word order is "the [Spirit] of glory and the Spirit of God"; KJ3 renders it "the Spirit of God and of glory". KJ3 prints [Isa. 11:2] as the cross-reference here (removed from the verse text above).

Before the throne

שִׁבְעָה רוּחוֹת הָאֳלֹהִים Hebrew NT

the seven Spirits of God

τα επτα πνευματα του θεου · ta hepta pneumata tou theou
"seven lamps of fire were burning before the throne" (Rev 4:5); "sent out into all the earth" (Rev 5:6)
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🔤 Hebrew & Greek

Hebrew
שִׁבְעָה רוּחוֹת הָאֳלֹהִים
Salkinson
שִׁבְעָ֖ה רוּח֥וֹת הָֽאֱלֹהִֽים
Margoliouth
šibʿâ rûḥôt hāʾĕlōhîm (both agree; the Salkinson text used here points the last word הָאֳלֹהִים)
Salkinson and Margoliouth at Revelation 4:5
Greek
τα επτα πνευματα του θεου
ta hepta pneumata tou theou
Revelation 4:5 (Greek NT)

TWOT 2318 šebaʿ · 2131a rûaḥ · 93c ʾĕlōhîm

📖 Key Verses (KJ3)

"And out of the throne come forth lightnings and thunders and voices. And seven lamps of fire were burning before the throne, which are the seven Spirits of God;"
"And I saw, and behold, in the midst of the throne, and of the four living creatures, and in the midst of the elders, was a Lamb standing, as having been slaughtered, having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven Spirits of God, having been sent out into all the earth."
"John to the seven assemblies in Asia: Grace to you, and peace, from the One being, and the One who was, and the One coming, and from the seven spirits which are before His throne;"
📝 Notes on the text

KJ3 capitalizes "Spirits" at 4:5 and 5:6. It prints lower-case "seven spirits" at 1:4 ("which are before His throne") and at 3:1 ("the One having the seven spirits of God"). At 5:6 the Lamb has "seven eyes, which are the seven Spirits of God".

Names of the Holy Spirit: Quick Reference Chart

All 20 names of the Holy Spirit above in one table: the KJ3 wording, the Hebrew and the Greek with transliterations (— not used in the New Testament), the key verse in the Bible Reader, and a phrase from the verse.

Name (KJ3)HebrewGreekKey verseIn the verse
Old Testament names
the Spirit of Godר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔יםrûaḥ ʾĕlōhîmτο πνευμα του θεουto pneuma tou theouGen 1:2"hovering on the face of the waters" (Gen 1:2); "made me" (Job 33:4)
the Spirit of Jehovahרֽוּחַ יְהוָה֮rûaḥ YHWHτο πνευμα κυριουto pneuma kyriouJudg 3:10"was put on him, and he judged Israel" (Judg 3:10); "came mightily upon David" (1 Sam 16:13)
Your good Spiritרוּחֲךָ֨ הַטּוֹבָ֔הrûḥăkā haṭṭôbâ—Neh 9:20given "to teach them" (Neh 9:20)
the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and power, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of Jehovahר֧וּחַ חָכְמָ֣ה וּבִינָ֗ה ר֤וּחַ עֵצָה֙ וּגְבוּרָ֔ה ר֥וּחַ דַּ֖עַת וְיִרְאַ֥ת יְהוָֽהrûaḥ ḥokmâ ûbînâ, rûaḥ ʿēṣâ ûgĕbûrâ, rûaḥ daʿat wĕyirʾat YHWH—Isa 11:2the Spirit of Jehovah "shall rest on Him": wisdom, understanding, counsel, power, knowledge, the fear of Jehovah (Isa 11:2)
the Spirit of grace and of prayersר֤וּחַ חֵן֙ וְתַ֣חֲנוּנִ֔יםrûaḥ ḥēn wĕtaḥănûnîmτο πνευμα της χαριτοςto pneuma tēs charitosZech 12:10"I will pour out on the house of David, and on those living [in] Jerusalem" (Zech 12:10)
Named with the Father and the Son
the Holy Spiritרוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ both Hebrew NTsrûaḥ haqqōdeš (both agree)του αγιου πνευματοςtou hagiou pneumatosMatt 28:19"the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit" (Matt 28:19)
the Spirit of your Fatherרוּחַ־אֲבִיכֶם both Hebrew NTsrûaḥ ʾăbîkem (both agree)το πνευμα του πατρος υμωνto pneuma tou patros hymōnMatt 10:20"who speaks in you" (Matt 10:20)
the Spirit of His Sonרוּחַ בְּנוֹ both Hebrew NTsrûaḥ bĕnô (both agree)το πνευμα του υιου αυτουto pneuma tou huiou autouGal 4:6"God sent forth the Spirit of His Son into your hearts, crying, Abba! Father!" (Gal 4:6)
the Spirit of Christרוּחַ הַמָּשִׁיחַ both Hebrew NTsrûaḥ hammāšîaḥ (both agree)πνευμα χριστουpneuma christou1 Pet 1:11"testifying beforehand of the sufferings belonging to Christ, and the glories after these" (1 Pet 1:11)
the Spirit of the living Godרוּחַ אֱלֹהִים חַיִּים both Hebrew NTsrûaḥ ʾĕlōhîm ḥayyîm (both agree)πνευματι θεου ζωντοςpneumati theou zōntos2 Cor 3:3Christ's letter, "inscribed ... by the Spirit of the living God, not in tablets of stone, but in fleshly tablets of the heart" (2 Cor 3:3)
With the Anointed One
the Spirit of the Lord Jehovahר֛וּחַ אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖הrûaḥ ʾădōnāy YHWHπνευμα κυριουpneuma kyriouIsa 61:1"[is] on Me, because Jehovah has anointed Me to bear good news to the poor [one]" (Isa 61:1)
the eternal Spiritבְּרוּחַ עוֹלָם Salkinsonבְּר֣וּחַ נֶ֗צַח Margoliouthbĕrûaḥ ʿôlām (Salkinson) / bĕrûaḥ neṣaḥ (Margoliouth)πνευματος αιωνιουpneumatos aiōniouHeb 9:14Christ "through the eternal Spirit offered Himself without blemish to God" (Heb 9:14)
the Spirit of holinessרוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Salkinsonר֣וּחַ הַקְּדֻשָּׁ֔ה Margoliouthrûaḥ haqqōdeš (Salkinson) / rûaḥ haqqĕduššâ (Margoliouth)πνευμα αγιωσυνηςpneuma hagiōsynēsRom 1:4Jesus Christ "designated the Son of God in power, according to the Spirit of holiness, by the resurrection of dead [ones]" (Rom 1:4)
The Advocate: the Lord's words in John 14-16
the Advocateוְהַמֵּלִיץ Salkinsonהַמְּנַחֵ֗ם Margoliouthwĕhammēlîṣ (Salkinson) / hammĕnaḥēm (Margoliouth)ο δε παρακλητοςho de paraklētos ("but the Advocate")John 14:26"He shall teach you all things" (John 14:26); "that He may remain with you to the age" (John 14:16)
the Spirit of Truthרוּחַ הָאֱמֶת both Hebrew NTsrûaḥ hāʾĕmet (both agree)το πνευμα της αληθειαςto pneuma tēs alētheiasJohn 14:17"He abides with you and shall be in you" (John 14:17); "He will guide you into all Truth" (John 16:13)
What He is to believers
the Spirit of lifeרוּחַ הַחַיִּים both Hebrew NTsrûaḥ haḥayyîm (both agree)του πνευματος της ζωηςtou pneumatos tēs zōēsRom 8:2"the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus set me free from the law of sin and of death" (Rom 8:2)
a Spirit of adoptionרוּחַ כְּמִשְׁפַּט הַבָּנִים Salkinsonר֤וּחַ תְּשׂוּמַ֣ת בָּנִ֔ים Margoliouthrûaḥ kĕmišpaṭ habbānîm (Salkinson) / rûaḥ tĕśûmat bānîm (Margoliouth)πνευμα υιοθεσιαςpneuma huiothesiasRom 8:15"by which we cry, Abba! Father!" (Rom 8:15)
the Holy Spirit of promiseבְּרוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֵּר Salkinsonבְּר֥וּחַ הַֽהַבְטָחָ֖ה הַקָּדֽוֹשׁ Margoliouthbĕrûaḥ haqqōdeš kaʾăšer dibbēr (Salkinson, "as He spoke") / bĕrûaḥ hahabṭāḥâ haqqādôš (Margoliouth)τω πνευματι της επαγγελιας τω αγιωtō pneumati tēs epangelias tō hagiōEph 1:13"you were sealed with the Holy Spirit of promise" (Eph 1:13); "an earnest of our inheritance" (Eph 1:14)
the Spirit of God and of gloryרוּחַ הַכָּבוֹד וְרוּחַ אֱלֹהִים Salkinsonר֧וּחַ הַכָּב֛וֹד וְהָֽאֱלֹהִ֖ים Margoliouthrûaḥ hakkābôd wĕrûaḥ ʾĕlōhîm (Salkinson) / rûaḥ hakkābôd wĕhāʾĕlōhîm (Margoliouth)το της δοξης και το του θεου πνευμαto tēs doxēs kai to tou theou pneuma1 Pet 4:14"rests on you" when you are "reviled in [the] name of Christ" (1 Pet 4:14)
Before the throne
the seven Spirits of Godשִׁבְעָה רוּחוֹת הָאֳלֹהִים both Hebrew NTsšibʿâ rûḥôt hāʾĕlōhîm (both agree; the Salkinson text used here points the last word הָאֳלֹהִים)τα επτα πνευματα του θεουta hepta pneumata tou theouRev 4:5"seven lamps of fire were burning before the throne" (Rev 4:5); "sent out into all the earth" (Rev 5:6)
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The 38 Names: Quick Reference Chart

The Old Testament reveals God through 38 key names and titles, given here as the KJ3 Literal Translation renders them. Each entry gives the transliteration, the Hebrew, the KJ3 wording, and a key verse linked to the KJ3 text in the Bible Reader. Scripture uses many more descriptive titles; this chart covers the principal ones.

NameHebrewKJ3 renderingKey verse
Primary names
ElohimאֱלֹהִיםGodGen 1:1
ElאֵלEl, GodGen 33:20
JehovahיהוהJehovah: "This is My name forever"Ex 3:15; 6:3
Ehyeh Asher Ehyehאֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶהI AM THAT I AMEx 3:14
AdonaiאֲדֹנָיLord ("Lord Jehovah"; "O Jehovah, our Lord")Gen 15:2; Ps 8:1
EloahאֱלוֹהַּGod ("God who made him")Deut 32:15; Job 3:4
YahיָהּJehovah (the KJ3 renders the short form in full)Ex 15:2; Ps 68:4
Names built on El
El Elyonאֵל עֶלְיוֹןthe most high GodGen 14:18–20; 22
El Roiאֵל רֳאִיa God of vision; the One seeing meGen 16:13
El Shaddaiאֵל שַׁדַּיthe Almighty God; God AlmightyGen 17:1; Ex 6:3
El Olamאֵל עוֹלָםthe everlasting GodGen 21:33
El Elohe Israelאֵל אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵלEl, the God of IsraelGen 33:20
El Kannaאֵל קַנָּאa jealous God; "whose name is Jealous"Ex 20:5; 34:14
El Emunahאֵל אֱמוּנָהa God of faithfulness; the faithful GodDeut 32:4; 7:9
El Chaiאֵל חַיthe living GodJosh 3:10
El Gibborאֵל גִּבּוֹרThe Mighty GodIsa 9:6
Elohim Kedoshimאֱלֹהִים קְדֹשִׁיםa holy GodJosh 24:19
Names built on Jehovah
Jehovah Elohimיהוה אֱלֹהִיםJehovah GodGen 2:4
Jehovah-jirehיהוה יִרְאֶהJehovah SeesGen 22:14
Jehovah-raphaיהוה רֹפְאֶךָJehovah your HealerEx 15:26
Jehovah-nissiיהוה נִסִּיJehovah My BannerEx 17:15
Jehovah-m'kaddeshיהוה מְקַדִּשְׁכֶםJehovah your sanctifier; Jehovah who sanctifies youEx 31:13; Lev 20:8
Jehovah-shalomיהוה שָׁלוֹםPeace of JehovahJudg 6:24
Jehovah-sabaothיהוה צְבָאוֹתJehovah of Hosts1 Sam 1:3
Jehovah-elyonיהוה עֶלְיוֹןJehovah most highPs 7:17
Jehovah-rohiיהוה רֹעִיJehovah is my shepherdPs 23:1
Jehovah Osenuיהוה עֹשֵׂנוּJehovah our MakerPs 95:6
Jehovah-tsidkenuיהוה צִדְקֵנוּJehovah Our RighteousnessJer 23:6
Jehovah-shammahיהוה שָׁמָּהJEHOVAH IS THEREEzek 48:35
Other titles
Magenמָגֵןyour shieldGen 15:1
ShophetשֹׁפֵטThe Judge of all the earthGen 18:25
Abir Ya'akovאֲבִיר יַעֲקֹבthe Mighty One of JacobGen 49:24
Tsurצוּרthe RockDeut 32:4
Go'elגֹּאֵלmy Redeemer; your RedeemerJob 19:25; Isa 41:14
Melekh HaKavodמֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֹדthe King of gloryPs 24:7–10
Kedosh Yisraelקְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵלthe Holy One of IsraelIsa 1:4
Avinuאָבִינוּour FatherIsa 64:8
Attiq Yominעַתִּיק יוֹמִיןthe Ancient of Days (Aramaic)Dan 7:9

The KJ3 renders the divine name יהוה as "Jehovah" throughout, where most English Bibles print "LORD," and renders Adonai as "Lord." Every verse reference above opens the KJ3 text in the Bible Reader.

Quick-reference charts for the names of Christ and the names of the Holy Spirit close their own sections above.