Exodus 12

KJ3 Literal Translation — Chapter 12 of 40

1 And Jehovah said to Moses and to Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying,

2 This month shall be the chief of months for you. It shall be the first of the months of the year for you.

3 Speak to all the congregation of Israel, saying, On the tenth of this month, they shall each man take for themselves an animal of the flock for a father's house, a flock animal for a house.

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Chapter Summary

1 The beginning of the year is changed. 3 The Passover is instituted. 15 Unleavened bread. 29 The first-born are slain. 31 The Israelites are driven out. 43 The ordinance of the Passover.

Key Hebrew Words

פֶּ֫סַח Passover H6453 · TWOT 1786a
פָּסַח pass over, spare H6452 · TWOT 1787
דָּם blood H1818 · TWOT 436
מַצָּה unleavened bread H4682 · TWOT 1080a
בְּכוֹר first-born H1060 · TWOT 244a
זִכָּרוֹן memorial H2146 · TWOT 551b

Cross-References

People & Context

Jehovah

Institutes the Passover, passes through Egypt to strike every first-born, and brings Israel out by their armies.

Moses

Receives the Passover ordinance and instructs the elders of Israel to slay the lamb and mark their doorposts.

Aaron

Receives the Passover instructions with Moses in the land of Egypt.

Pharaoh

King of Egypt whose own first-born is slain; rises in the night and finally drives Israel out to serve Jehovah.

Timeline

Institution of Passover

God establishes Passover: each household selects an unblemished lamb on the tenth of Abib, slaughters it on the fourteenth, puts blood on doorposts, and eats it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs.

Exodus 12:1-28
Death of the Firstborn

At midnight, Jehovah strikes every firstborn in Egypt. There is a great cry. Pharaoh calls Moses and Aaron, commanding them to leave with all Israelites.

Exodus 12:29-32
Israelites Driven Out

Egyptians urge them to leave quickly. Israelites ask for and receive articles of silver, gold, and clothing, effectively plundering Egypt.

Exodus 12:33-36

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