Genesis 38

KJ3 Literal Translation — Chapter 38 of 50

1 And it happened at that time that Judah went down, away from his brothers, and turned aside to a man of Adullam, his name, Hirah.

2 And Judah saw there a daughter of a Canaanite man named Shuah. And he took her, and went in to her.

3 And she conceived and bore a son. And he called his name Er.

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Chapter Summary

1 Judah begets Er, Onan, and Shelah. 6 Er marries Tamar. 13 Posing as a prostitute she deceives Judah, for he has promised Shelah to her. 27 She bears twins, Pharez and Zarah.

Key Hebrew Words

עֵרָבוֹן pledge H6162 · TWOT 1686b
חֹתֶ֫מֶת signet ring H2858 · TWOT 780b
בֶּ֫גֶד garment, robe H899 · TWOT 198a
אַלְמָנָה widow H490 · TWOT 105
יָבַם do a brother-in-law's duty H2992 · TWOT 836
צָדֵק be righteous, just H6663 · TWOT 1879

People & Context

Judah

Jacob's son who marries a Canaanite, withholds Shelah from Tamar, and unknowingly fathers her twins

Tamar

Judah's daughter-in-law who disguises herself to secure offspring and is judged more righteous than Judah

Onan

Judah's second son who refuses levirate duty to Tamar and is put to death by Jehovah

Er

Judah's first-born and Tamar's husband; evil in Jehovah's eyes and put to death

Shelah

Judah's third son, promised to Tamar but withheld from her

Hirah

Judah's friend, the Adullamite, sent to deliver the kid and recover the pledge

Timeline

Judah and Tamar

Judah leaves his brothers and turns aside to an Adullamite named Hirah. He marries a Canaanite woman, Shuah's daughter, who bears him three sons: Er, Onan, and Shelah.

Genesis 38:1-5
Er and Onan Die

Judah takes Tamar as a wife for Er, but Er is evil in the eyes of Jehovah, and Jehovah causes him to die. Judah tells Onan to marry Er's widow and raise seed for his brother, but Onan refuses, spilling his semen on the ground, which is evil in God's eyes, and God causes him to die too.

Genesis 38:6-10
Tamar's Deception

Judah tells Tamar to remain a widow in her father's house until Shelah grows, fearing he might also die. After Judah's wife dies, Tamar hears he is going to Timnah to shear his sheep. She removes her widow's robes, covers herself with a veil, and disguises herself as a prostitute, sitting by the roadway. Judah, thinking her a prostitute, proposes to her, promising a kid from his flock. She demands a pledge: his signet ring, bracelet, and staff. He gives them to her, and she conceives by him.

Genesis 38:11-18

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